*bangōną

Runic: ᛒᚨᚾᚷᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbɑŋ.ɡɔː.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 2

Meanings

to bang; pound; beat

Etymology

Probably from a Proto-Indo-European expressive formation based on *bʰeg- (‘to break’), specifically a nasalized o-grade base *bʰong-, with Proto-Germanic weak-II verbal suffixation (< PIE *-eh₂-ye/o-), pre-Germanic *bʰong-eh₂-yé/ó-. Because of the expressive semantics, an onomatopoetic contribution cannot be excluded. Compare Old Armenian բեկանեմ (bekanem, ‘to break’), Sanskrit भनक्ति (bhanákti) (bhanákti, ‘to break, split, breach’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	bangō	bangǭ	–
2nd singular	bangōsi	bangōs	bangō
3rd singular	bangōþi	bangō	bangōþau
1st dual	bangōs	bangōw	–
2nd dual	bangōþiz	bangōþiz	bangōþiz
1st plural	bangōmaz	bangōm	–
2nd plural	bangōþ	bangōþ	bangōþ
3rd plural	bangōnþi	bangōn	bangōnþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	bangōi	–
2nd singular	bangōsai	bangōsau
3rd singular	bangōþai	bangōþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	bangōnþai	bangōnþau
2nd plural	bangōnþai	bangōnþau
3rd plural	bangōnþai	bangōnþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	bangōdǭ	bangōdēdį̄
2nd singular	bangōdēz	bangōdēdīz
3rd singular	bangōdē	bangōdēdī
1st dual	bangōdēdū	bangōdēdīw
2nd dual	bangōdēdudiz	bangōdēdīdiz
1st plural	bangōdēdum	bangōdēdīm
2nd plural	bangōdēdud	bangōdēdīd
3rd plural	bangōdēdun	bangōdēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
bangōną	bangōndz	bangōdaz

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Descendants

*bangōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *bungon, *bonkon (Old Dutch)
  - bongen (Middle Dutch)
    - bonken (Dutch)
*bangōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *bangian (Old English)
  - *bangen, bonchen, bunchen (Middle English)
    - bang (English)
    - bang, bung (Scots)
*bangōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *bangia, *bongia, *bunkia, *bonkia (Old Frisian)
  - boangje, bunkje (Saterland Frisian)
  - bonkje (West Frisian)
*bangōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- bangōn, *bankan, *bankōn (Old High German)
  - bangen, pangen, bungen (Middle High German)
    - bangen (Alemannic German)
    - banken (German)
*bangōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *bangōn (Old Saxon)
  - bangen, bunken (Middle Low German)
    - bangen (German)
    - bangen, bangeln (Low German)
banga (Old Norse)
- banga (Faroese)
- banga (Icelandic)
- banke (Norwegian Bokmål)
- banka, banke (Norwegian Nynorsk)
banga (Old Norse)
- banke (Danish)
  - banka (Faroese)
  - banka (Icelandic)
banga (Old Norse)
- *bangen (Middle English)
  - bang (English)
  - bang, bung (Scots)
banga (Old Norse)
- bånga (Old Swedish)
  - banka (Swedish)

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