*blauþuz

Runic: ᛒᛚᚨᚢᚦᚢᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈblɑu̯.θuz/

adjective · u-stem

Meanings

weak, feeble, emaciated
lacking, void, naked
soft, faint-hearted, gentle

Etymology

Uncertain. A speculative derivation would be from the Proto-Indo-European root family *bʰel- / *bʰlew- / *bʰlewH- ‘blow, swell; overflow’, perhaps via a *-tu-derivative such as pre-Germanic *bʰlów-tu-s. The semantic development ‘weak, timid, cowardly’ would require several intermediate steps such as ‘swollen, puffed up’ → ‘soft, yielding’ → ‘feeble’. But this puts it right in line with *blautaz (‘soft; exhausted; emptied out; spent; fainthearted; bare; naked’) which Lehmann (1986b: s.v. *blauþjan) and (Orel 2003: 48) seem to support. A derivation from PIE *ml- seems to be difficult phonologically.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	blauþuz	blauþī	blauþų, -jatō	blauþijai	blauþijôz	blauþijō
Acc.	blauþijanǭ	blauþijǭ	blauþų, -jatō	blauþijanz	blauþijōz	blauþijō
Gen.	blauþijas, blauþīs	blauþijaizōz	blauþijas, blauþīs	blauþijaizǫ̂	blauþijaizǫ̂	blauþijaizǫ̂
Dat.	blauþijammai	blauþijaizōi	blauþijammai	blauþijaimaz	blauþijaimaz	blauþijaimaz
Inst.	blauþijanō	blauþijaizō	blauþijanō	blauþijaimiz	blauþijaimiz	blauþijaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	blauþijô	blauþijǭ	blauþijô	blauþijaniz	blauþijōniz	blauþijōnō
Acc.	blauþijanų	blauþijōnų	blauþijô	blauþijanunz	blauþijōnunz	blauþijōnō
Gen.	blauþīniz	blauþijōniz	blauþīniz	blauþijanǫ̂	blauþijōnǫ̂	blauþijanǫ̂
Dat.	blauþīni	blauþijōni	blauþīni	blauþijammaz	blauþijōmaz	blauþijammaz
Inst.	blauþīnē	blauþijōnē	blauþīnē	blauþijammiz	blauþijōmiz	blauþijammiz

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Descendants

blēaþ (Old English)
- bleath, bleth, blethe (Middle English)
  - blait, blate (Scots)
    - blate, bloat (English)
*blāth (Old Frisian)
- blood (Saterland Frisian)
- blea (West Frisian)
*blōth, blōthi (Old Saxon)
- blōde, blöde (Middle Low German)
  - blood, blööd, bleud (Low German)
*blauthi, *blōdi (Frankish)
- *blōdi (Old Dutch)
  - blōde, bloot (Middle Dutch)
    - blood, bloo, bleu (Dutch)
plōdi, blōdi (Old High German)
- blöde (Middle High German)
  - bled (Bavarian)
  - blöde, blöd (German)
  - bléid (Luxembourgish)
blauðr (Old Norse)
- blød (Danish)
- blauður (Icelandic)
blauðr (Old Norse)
- blø̄dher (Old Swedish)
  - blöd (Swedish)

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