*blīþiz

Runic: ᛒᛚᛁᚦᛁᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈbliː.θiz/

adjective · i-stem

Meanings

serene, mild
pleasant, pleasing, delightful, friendly

Etymology

Uncertain. (Faltings 2010) suggests a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlī-to-s (‘shining’), giving Proto-Germanic **blīþaz, later reformulated as an i-stem nominal. One issue with this theory is the fact that the to-suffix was generally accented, which would normally result in a Verner’s Law -d-: **blīdaz, which would then require analogical leveling to get the desired form. An alternative possibility is that the dental reflects an older PIE nominal formation in from *bʰléh₁-ti-s ~ *bʰl̥h₁-téy-s, a ti-stem noun from root *bʰel- (‘to blaze; glow; bright flame; white’) from which the Proto-Germanic adjective was secondarily derived; this would avoid the accentual difficulties of deriving the adjective directly from a to-suffix.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	blīþiz	blīþī	blīþį, -jatō	blīþijai	blīþijôz	blīþijō
Acc.	blīþijanǭ	blīþijǭ	blīþį, -jatō	blīþijanz	blīþijōz	blīþijō
Gen.	blīþijas, blīþīs	blīþijaizōz	blīþijas, blīþīs	blīþijaizǫ̂	blīþijaizǫ̂	blīþijaizǫ̂
Dat.	blīþijammai	blīþijaizōi	blīþijammai	blīþijaimaz	blīþijaimaz	blīþijaimaz
Inst.	blīþijanō	blīþijaizō	blīþijanō	blīþijaimiz	blīþijaimiz	blīþijaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	blīþijô	blīþijǭ	blīþijô	blīþijaniz	blīþijōniz	blīþijōnō
Acc.	blīþijanų	blīþijōnų	blīþijô	blīþijanunz	blīþijōnunz	blīþijōnō
Gen.	blīþīniz	blīþijōniz	blīþīniz	blīþijanǫ̂	blīþijōnǫ̂	blīþijanǫ̂
Dat.	blīþīni	blīþijōni	blīþīni	blīþijammaz	blīþijōmaz	blīþijammaz
Inst.	blīþīnē	blīþijōnē	blīþīnē	blīþijammiz	blīþijōmiz	blīþijammiz

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Descendants

*blīþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- *blīthi (Old Dutch)
  - blide (Middle Dutch)
    - blij (Dutch)
      - bly (Afrikaans)
*blīþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- blīþe (Old English)
  - blith, blyth, blithe (Middle English)
    - blithe (English)
    - blithe, blythe, blide (Scots)
*blīþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- *blīthe, *blīth, *blīd (Old Frisian)
  - blid (North Frisian)
  - bliede (Saterland Frisian)
  - bliid (West Frisian)
*blīþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- blīdi, plīdi (Old High German)
  - blīde (Middle High German)
    - blid, blied (German)
*blīþī (Proto-West Germanic)
- blīthi, blidi (Old Saxon)
  - blîde (Middle Low German)
    - blide, blyde (Low German)
blíðr (Old Norse)
- blid (Danish)
- blíður (Faroese)
- blíður (Icelandic)
- blid (Norwegian)
blíðr (Old Norse)
- blīþer (Old Swedish)
  - blid (Swedish)
𐌱𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍃 (bleiþs) (Gothic)

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