*blōþą
Runic: ᛒᛚᛟᚦᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈblɔː.θɑ̃/noun · neuter · a-stem
Meanings
blood
Etymology
Uncertain. (Kroonen 2013) posits a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-tó-m, a neuter collective noun from *bʰleh₃- (‘to bloom’) morphing into the sense of ‘blooming red, blushing’ > ‘liquid blood’). He also suggests a possible derivation from *bʰleh₁-tó-m from *bʰleh₁- (‘to blow’), with a sense of ‘blowing or gushing out’, ultimately from *bʰel-(‘to blow, swell up’; compare Old Armenian բեղմն (bełmn, ‘semen’ from the same root)). (e.g., Boutkan & Siebinga 2005) believe it has a non-IE substrate origin, especially given the fact that the widely distributed PIE word for ‘blood’, the r/n-stem *h₁ésh₂r̥ ~ *h₁sh₂éns (cf. Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (e-eš-ḫar /ēšḫar/) (e-eš-ḫar, /ēšḫar/), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar) (éar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj) (asṛj), and Latin sanguī̆s) does not show up with that sense in Proto-Germanic (though it did survive in *īsarną (‘iron’).
Declension
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | blōþą | blōdō |
| Acc. | blōþą | blōdō |
| Gen. | blōþas, blōþis | blōdǫ̂ |
| Dat. | blōþai | blōdamaz |
| Inst. | blōþō | blōdamiz |
| Voc. | blōþą | blōdō |
Descendants
-
*blōd, blōþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bluot (Old Dutch)
-
bloet (Middle Dutch)
- blood (Limburgish)
-
bloet (Middle Dutch)
-
bluot (Old Dutch)
-
*blōd, blōþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bluot (Old Dutch)
-
bloet (Middle Dutch)
-
bloed (Dutch)
- bloed (Afrikaans)
-
bloed (Dutch)
-
bloet (Middle Dutch)
-
bluot (Old Dutch)
-
*blōd, blōþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
blōd (Old English)
-
blood (Middle English)
- blood, bloode, bloud (English)
- blude, bluid (Scots)
-
blood (Middle English)
-
blōd (Old English)
-
*blōd, blōþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
blōd (Old Frisian)
- Bloud (Saterland Frisian)
- bloed (West Frisian)
-
blōd (Old Frisian)
-
*blōd, blōþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bluot, blod, bluat, blud, bluet, bluod, bluoth, blut, bluth, pload, ploat, plot, plout, pluat, pluod, pluot, pluoth (Old High German)
-
bluot (Middle High German)
- Bluet (Alemannic German)
- Bluad, Bluat (Bavarian)
- Blutt (East Central German)
- Blut (German)
- בלוט (blut) (Yiddish)
-
bluot (Middle High German)
-
bluot, blod, bluat, blud, bluet, bluod, bluoth, blut, bluth, pload, ploat, plot, plout, pluat, pluod, pluot, pluoth (Old High German)
-
*blōd, blōþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bluot, blod, bluat, blud, bluet, bluod, bluoth, blut, bluth, pload, ploat, plot, plout, pluat, pluod, pluot, pluoth (Old High German)
-
bluot (Middle High German)
-
Blot (Central Franconian)
- Blutt (Luxembourgish)
-
Blot (Central Franconian)
-
bluot (Middle High German)
-
bluot, blod, bluat, blud, bluet, bluod, bluoth, blut, bluth, pload, ploat, plot, plout, pluat, pluod, pluot, pluoth (Old High German)
-
*blōd, blōþ (Proto-West Germanic)
-
blōd, bluod (Old Saxon)
-
blôt (Middle Low German)
- Blod, Blood, Bloot (Low German)
-
blôt (Middle Low German)
-
blōd, bluod (Old Saxon)
-
blóð (Old Norse)
- blóð (Faroese)
- blóð (Icelandic)
- blod (Norwegian)
-
blóð (Old Norse)
-
bloth (Old Danish)
- blod (Danish)
-
bloth (Old Danish)
-
blóð (Old Norse)
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blōþ, blodh (Old Swedish)
- blod (Swedish)
-
blōþ, blodh (Old Swedish)
- 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸 (blōþ) (Gothic)
- plut (Crimean Gothic)