*bregdaną
Runic: ᛒᚱᛖᚷᛞᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbreɣ.ðɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 3
Meanings
to flicker, flutter, jerk, tug (on), twitch, flinch, move, swing
Etymology
Likely from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréḱ-dʰ-e/o-, a *-dʰ-extension of bʰréḱ-e/o- (> *brehaną (‘to flicker, glitter; light up; blink’) (Lehmann 1942: 128). Ultimately from root *bʰreḱ- (‘to shine’). Possibly related to *braguz (‘one who is first or foremost, a premier, chief, leader, prince’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | bregdō | bregdaų | – |
| 2nd singular | brigdizi | bregdaiz | bregd |
| 3rd singular | brigdidi | bregdai | bregdadau |
| 1st dual | bregdōz | bregdaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | bregdadiz | bregdaidiz | bregdadiz |
| 1st plural | bregdamaz | bregdaim | – |
| 2nd plural | brigdid | bregdaid | brigdid |
| 3rd plural | bregdandi | bregdain | bregdandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | bregdai | – |
| 2nd singular | bregdazai | bregdaizau |
| 3rd singular | bregdadai | bregdaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | bregdandai | bregdaindau |
| 2nd plural | bregdandai | bregdaindau |
| 3rd plural | bregdandai | bregdaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | bragd | brugdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | brahst | brugdīz |
| 3rd singular | bragd | brugdī |
| 1st dual | brugdū | brugdīw |
| 2nd dual | brugdudiz | brugdīdiz |
| 1st plural | brugdum | brugdīm |
| 2nd plural | brugdud | brugdīd |
| 3rd plural | brugdun | brugdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| bregdaną | bregdandz | brugdanaz |
Descendants
-
*bregdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*bregdan (Old Dutch)
-
breiden (Middle Dutch)
-
breien (Dutch)
- brei (Afrikaans)
-
breien (Dutch)
-
breiden (Middle Dutch)
-
*bregdan (Old Dutch)
-
*bregdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
breġdan, brēdan (Old English)
-
breiden, breden (Middle English)
- braid (English)
- breed, brade, braid, bray (Scots)
-
breiden, breden (Middle English)
-
breġdan, brēdan (Old English)
-
*bregdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
breida, brēda, brīda (Old Frisian)
- brüjen (North Frisian)
- braidje (Saterland Frisian)
- breidzje (West Frisian)
-
breida, brēda, brīda (Old Frisian)
-
*bregdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
brettan (Old High German)
-
brëtten (Middle High German)
- bretten (German)
-
brëtten (Middle High German)
-
brettan (Old High German)
-
*bregdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bregdan (Old Saxon)
-
breiden (Middle Low German)
- breien, breiden (Low German)
-
breiden (Middle Low German)
-
bregdan (Old Saxon)
-
bregða (Old Norse)
- brejde, bebrejde (Danish)
- bregða (Faroese)
- bregða (Icelandic)
- breghþa (Old Swedish)
- bregd, breg, braith, brath (Scots)
- *rievtëtēk (Proto-Samic)