*brestaną

Runic: ᛒᚱᛖᛊᛏᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbres.tɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 3

Meanings

to burst, break, sunder, split, crack

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrés-t-e/o-, from root *bʰres- (‘to burst, break, crack, crackle, split, separate’) with a t-extension (see Pokorny 1959); he also notes reflexes without the -t- and with -k-). Possibly related to PIE root *bʰrews- (‘break’). Possible cognates are Proto-Celtic *brestā (‘fight, combat’) (Matasović 2009a) and its many reflexes and Lithuanian braškėti (‘to crack, clatter, make a breaking sound’). (Beekes 2010) also connects this root to Ancient Greek φάρσος (phársos) (phársos, ‘any piece cut off, portion’) and Hittite 𒉺-𒅈-𒀸 / 𒉺-𒅈-𒅆 / 𒉺-𒅈-𒅆-𒅀 (pa-ar-aš / pa-ar-ši / pa-ar-ši-ya /parš-//parši-//paršiya-/, ‘to break; crumble; violate a boundary’) and its nominal counterpart, 𒉺-𒅈-𒊭 (pa-ar-ša /parša-/, ‘a morsel or fragment’), which are a good phonological and semantic fit.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	brestō	brestaų	–
2nd singular	bristizi	brestaiz	brest
3rd singular	bristidi	brestai	brestadau
1st dual	brestōz	brestaiw	–
2nd dual	brestadiz	brestaidiz	brestadiz
1st plural	brestamaz	brestaim	–
2nd plural	bristid	brestaid	bristid
3rd plural	brestandi	brestain	brestandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	brestai	–
2nd singular	brestazai	brestaizau
3rd singular	brestadai	brestaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	brestandai	brestaindau
2nd plural	brestandai	brestaindau
3rd plural	brestandai	brestaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	brast	brustį̄
2nd singular	brast	brustīz
3rd singular	brast	brustī
1st dual	brustū	brustīw
2nd dual	brustudiz	brustīdiz
1st plural	brustum	brustīm
2nd plural	brustud	brustīd
3rd plural	brustun	brustīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
brestaną	brestandz	brustanaz

Find a form

Descendants

*brestan (Proto-West Germanic)
- brestan (Old Dutch)
  - bersten, barsten (Middle Dutch)
    - barsten, bersten (Dutch)
      - bars (Afrikaans)
*brestan (Proto-West Germanic)
- berstan (Old English)
  - bresten, bersten (Middle English)
    - burst, bust (English)
    - brist, bryst (Scots)
*brestan (Proto-West Germanic)
- brisier, briser, debrisier (Old French)
  - briser, debriser (Middle French)
    - *brisen, briselen (Middle Dutch)
      - verbrijzelen (Dutch)
*brestan (Proto-West Germanic)
- bersta (Old Frisian)
  - baast (North Frisian)
  - bäärste (Saterland Frisian)
  - barste, boarste (West Frisian)
*brestan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *brestan, prestan, *bristan (Old High German)
  - brësten, bresten (Middle High German)
    - bresten, bersten (German)
    - baschten (Luxembourgish)
*brestan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *brestan (Old Saxon)
  - bersten, barsten, borsten (Middle Low German)
    - barsten, basten (Low German)
bresta (Old Norse)
- briste (Danish)
- bresta (Faroese)
- bresta (Icelandic)
- briste (Norwegian Bokmål)
- breste (Norwegian Nynorsk)
bresta (Old Norse)
- brista, bræsta (Old Swedish)
  - brista (Swedish)

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