*bugjaną

Runic: ᛒᚢᚷᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbuɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

to deal; do business; exchange
to purchase; buy
to accept

Etymology

Often derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (‘to bend; curve, arch’), this is one of a group of ye-present verbs with *-tó-extensions of the zero-grade root, remodeled as weak verbs in Proto-Germanic: *bʰugʰ-yé/ó- > *bʰugʰ-tó- (compare *þankijaną (‘to perceive, to think’), *sōkijaną (‘to seek, look for’), and *brūkaną (‘to make use of, employ, use, consume’) (Rombouts 2017).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	bugjō	bugjaų	–
2nd singular	bugisi	bugjais	bugi
3rd singular	bugiþi	bugjai	bugjaþau
1st dual	bugjōs	bugjaiw	–
2nd dual	bugjaþiz	bugjaiþiz	bugjaþiz
1st plural	bugjamaz	bugjaim	–
2nd plural	bugiþ	bugjaiþ	bugiþ
3rd plural	bugjanþi	bugjain	bugjanþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	bugjai	–
2nd singular	bugjasai	bugjaisau
3rd singular	bugjaþai	bugjaiþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	bugjanþai	bugjainþau
2nd plural	bugjanþai	bugjainþau
3rd plural	bugjanþai	bugjainþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	buhtǭ	buhtēdį̄
2nd singular	buhtēz	buhtēdīz
3rd singular	buhtē	buhtēdī
1st dual	buhtēdū	buhtēdīw
2nd dual	buhtēdudiz	buhtēdīdiz
1st plural	buhtēdum	buhtēdīm
2nd plural	buhtēdud	buhtēdīd
3rd plural	buhtēdun	buhtēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
bugjaną	bugjandz	bugidaz

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Descendants

*buggjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- buggian, buggean (Old Saxon)
*buggjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- byċġan, biċġan (Old English)
  - byen, bien, biggen, buggen (Middle English)
    - buy (English)
    - by (Scots)
*buggjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *buggen (Old High German)
  - bugidi, bugihaft (Old High German)
byggja (Old Norse)
- byggja (Faroese)
- byggja (Icelandic)
- byggje (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- byggia (Old Swedish)
𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bugjan) (Gothic)

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