*bukkaz

Runic: ᛒᚢᚲᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈbuk.kɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

buck

Etymology

Likely an original n-stem, reanalyzed as an a-stem, considering the geminate -kk- (Kroonen 2013): pre-Germanic *bukō ~ *bukkaz < Proto-Indo-European *bʰug-ōn ~ *bʰug-n-ós, from root *bʰuǵ- (‘goat, buck, ram’). Proto-Celtic *bukkos (‘goat’) is likely a loan from (Matasović 2009a). Cognate with Old Armenian բուծ (buc, ‘lamb’), Persian بز (boz, ‘goat’), Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬰𐬀 (būza) (būza, ‘ram’), Sanskrit बुख (bukha) (bukha, ‘male goat’).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	bukkaz	bukkōz, bukkōs
Acc.	bukką	bukkanz
Gen.	bukkas, bukkis	bukkǫ̂
Dat.	bukkai	bukkamaz
Inst.	bukkō	bukkamiz
Voc.	bukk	bukkōz, bukkōs

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Descendants

*bukk (Proto-West Germanic)
- buk, buc (Old Dutch)
  - boc, buc (Middle Dutch)
    - bok (Dutch)
    - bók (Limburgish)
    - buk (West Flemish)
*bukk (Proto-West Germanic)
- bucc, buc (Old English)
  - bukke, bocke, boke, buc, bucce, bucke, buk (Middle English)
    - buck (English)
    - buk, buke, buik (Scots)
*bukk (Proto-West Germanic)
- *buk, *bok (Old Frisian)
  - Buk (Saterland Frisian)
  - bok (West Frisian)
*bukk (Proto-West Germanic)
- buk, buc, bok, boch, poch (Old High German)
  - boc (Middle High German)
    - Bock (German)
    - Bock (Luxembourgish)
*bukk (Proto-West Germanic)
- buk, buc, bok, boch, poch (Old High German)
  - steinbok (Old High German)
    - steenbok (Dutch)
      - steenbok (Afrikaans)
        
        steenbok (English)
*bukk (Proto-West Germanic)
- bukk, buk (Old Saxon)
  - buk, buck, bok (Middle Low German)
    - Buck, Bock (Low German)
bokkr, bukkr (Old Norse)
- bukkur (Faroese)
- bukkur, bokkur (Icelandic)
- bukk, bukk’e (Norwegian Nynorsk)
bokkr, bukkr (Old Norse)
- buk (Danish)
  - bukk (Norwegian Bokmål)
bokkr, bukkr (Old Norse)
- bukker, bokker (Old Swedish)
  - bock (Swedish)

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