*bōtijaną
Runic: ᛒᛟᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbɔː.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to improve
- to compensate, pay a fine
Etymology
From *bōtō (‘improvement, betterment; recompense, atonement) + *-(i)janą(forms denominative and factitive Weak class 1 verbs).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | bōtijō | bōtijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | bōtīsi | bōtijais | bōtī |
| 3rd singular | bōtīþi | bōtijai | bōtijaþau |
| 1st dual | bōtijōs | bōtijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | bōtijaþiz | bōtijaiþiz | bōtijaþiz |
| 1st plural | bōtijamaz | bōtijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | bōtīþ | bōtijaiþ | bōtīþ |
| 3rd plural | bōtijanþi | bōtijain | bōtijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | bōtijai | – |
| 2nd singular | bōtijasai | bōtijaisau |
| 3rd singular | bōtijaþai | bōtijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | bōtijanþai | bōtijainþau |
| 2nd plural | bōtijanþai | bōtijainþau |
| 3rd plural | bōtijanþai | bōtijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | bōtidǭ | bōtidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | bōtidēz | bōtidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | bōtidē | bōtidēdī |
| 1st dual | bōtidēdū | bōtidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | bōtidēdudiz | bōtidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | bōtidēdum | bōtidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | bōtidēdud | bōtidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | bōtidēdun | bōtidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| bōtijaną | bōtijandz | bōtidaz |
Descendants
-
*bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
- bēta (Old Frisian)
-
*bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
buoten (Old Dutch)
-
boeten (Middle Dutch)
- boeten (Dutch)
-
boeten (Middle Dutch)
-
buoten (Old Dutch)
-
*bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bētan, bœ̄tan (Old English)
-
beten, beete, bete, bett, betten, beytt, betenn, beote (Middle English)
- beet (English)
- bete, beit, beet, beat (Scots)
-
beten, beete, bete, bett, betten, beytt, betenn, beote (Middle English)
-
bētan, bœ̄tan (Old English)
-
*bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
buozen (Old High German)
-
büezen (Middle High German)
- büßen (German)
-
büezen (Middle High German)
-
buozen (Old High German)
-
*bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
bōtian (Old Saxon)
- böten (Low German)
-
bōtian (Old Saxon)
-
bǿta, bœta, bꝍta (Old Norse)
- bøta (Faroese)
- bæta (Icelandic)
- bøta (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
bǿta, bœta, bꝍta (Old Norse)
-
bøde (Danish)
- bøte (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
bøde (Danish)
-
bǿta, bœta, bꝍta (Old Norse)
-
bøta (Old Swedish)
- böta (Swedish)
-
bøta (Old Swedish)
- 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bōtjan) (Gothic)