*bōtijaną

Runic: ᛒᛟᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈbɔː.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

  1. to improve
  2. to compensate, pay a fine

Etymology

From *bōtō (‘improvement, betterment; recompense, atonement) + *-(i)janą(forms denominative and factitive Weak class 1 verbs).

Conjugation

Present active

PersonIndicativeSubjunctiveImperative
1st singularbōtijōbōtijaų–
2nd singularbōtīsibōtijaisbōtī
3rd singularbōtīþibōtijaibōtijaþau
1st dualbōtijōsbōtijaiw–
2nd dualbōtijaþizbōtijaiþizbōtijaþiz
1st pluralbōtijamazbōtijaim–
2nd pluralbōtīþbōtijaiþbōtīþ
3rd pluralbōtijanþibōtijainbōtijanþau

Present passive

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularbōtijai–
2nd singularbōtijasaibōtijaisau
3rd singularbōtijaþaibōtijaiþau
1st dual––
2nd dual––
1st pluralbōtijanþaibōtijainþau
2nd pluralbōtijanþaibōtijainþau
3rd pluralbōtijanþaibōtijainþau

Past

PersonIndicativeSubjunctive
1st singularbōtidǭbōtidēdį̄
2nd singularbōtidēzbōtidēdīz
3rd singularbōtidēbōtidēdī
1st dualbōtidēdūbōtidēdīw
2nd dualbōtidēdudizbōtidēdīdiz
1st pluralbōtidēdumbōtidēdīm
2nd pluralbōtidēdudbōtidēdīd
3rd pluralbōtidēdunbōtidēdīn

Non-finite Forms

InfinitivePresent ParticiplePast Participle
bōtijaną bōtijandz bōtidaz

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Descendants

  • *bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • bēta (Old Frisian)
  • *bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • buoten (Old Dutch)
      • boeten (Middle Dutch)
        • boeten (Dutch)
  • *bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • bētan, bœ̄tan (Old English)
      • beten, beete, bete, bett, betten, beytt, betenn, beote (Middle English)
        • beet (English)
        • bete, beit, beet, beat (Scots)
  • *bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • buozen (Old High German)
      • büezen (Middle High German)
        • büßen (German)
  • *bōtijan (Proto-West Germanic)
    • bōtian (Old Saxon)
      • böten (Low German)
  • bǿta, bœta, bꝍta (Old Norse)
    • bøta (Faroese)
    • bæta (Icelandic)
    • bøta (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • bǿta, bœta, bꝍta (Old Norse)
    • bøde (Danish)
      • bøte (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • bǿta, bœta, bꝍta (Old Norse)
    • bøta (Old Swedish)
      • böta (Swedish)
  • 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bōtjan) (Gothic)

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