*dreusaną
Runic: ᛞᚱᛖᚢᛊᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈdreu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 2
Meanings
to fall
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰréws-e/o- from root *dʰrews- (‘to crumble, grind’) (Pokorny 1959). Cognate with Russian дры́хнуть (drýxnutʹ, ‘to sleep’), Ancient Greek θραῦμᾰ (thraûmă) (thraûmă, ‘a fragment; breakage; destruction’), Welsh dryll (‘broken off piece, fragment, shard’), and Latvian druska (‘crumbs’). Related to *drauzijaną (‘to make fall, cast down’), *dreuzaz (‘liquid; blood, gore’), *dreuzagaz (‘bloody, gory; sad’), and *druziz (‘to fall, decline’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dreusō | dreusaų | – |
| 2nd singular | driusizi | dreusaiz | dreus |
| 3rd singular | driusidi | dreusai | dreusadau |
| 1st dual | dreusōz | dreusaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | dreusadiz | dreusaidiz | dreusadiz |
| 1st plural | dreusamaz | dreusaim | – |
| 2nd plural | driusid | dreusaid | driusid |
| 3rd plural | dreusandi | dreusain | dreusandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dreusai | – |
| 2nd singular | dreusazai | dreusaizau |
| 3rd singular | dreusadai | dreusaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | dreusandai | dreusaindau |
| 2nd plural | dreusandai | dreusaindau |
| 3rd plural | dreusandai | dreusaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | draus | druzį̄ |
| 2nd singular | draust | druzīz |
| 3rd singular | draus | druzī |
| 1st dual | druzū | druzīw |
| 2nd dual | druzudiz | druzīdiz |
| 1st plural | druzum | druzīm |
| 2nd plural | druzud | druzīd |
| 3rd plural | druzun | druzīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| dreusaną | dreusandz | druzanaz |
Descendants
-
*dreusan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*driosan (Old Dutch)
-
druschen, druyschen (Middle Dutch)
-
druisen (Dutch)
- druis (Afrikaans)
-
druisen (Dutch)
-
druschen, druyschen (Middle Dutch)
-
*driosan (Old Dutch)
-
*dreusan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
drēosan (Old English)
-
drēsen (Middle English)
- drowse (English)
-
drēsen (Middle English)
-
drēosan (Old English)
-
*dreusan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
driosan (Old Saxon)
-
*drūsen (Middle Low German)
- dräuschen (German)
- drusen, drusken (Low German)
-
*drūsen (Middle Low German)
-
driosan (Old Saxon)
-
*drjósa (Old Norse)
- drysse (Norwegian Bokmål)
- drjose, drysse (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- drösa (Swedish)
-
*drjósa (Old Norse)
-
drysa (Old Danish)
- drysse (Danish)
-
drysa (Old Danish)
- 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan) (Gothic)