*drunjaną
Runic: ᛞᚱᚢᚾᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈdrun.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to sound, rumble
Etymology
From *drunjuz (‘sound’) + *-(i)janą(causative suffix forming Weak class 1 verbs).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | drunjō | drunjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | drunisi | drunjais | druni |
| 3rd singular | druniþi | drunjai | drunjaþau |
| 1st dual | drunjōs | drunjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | drunjaþiz | drunjaiþiz | drunjaþiz |
| 1st plural | drunjamaz | drunjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | druniþ | drunjaiþ | druniþ |
| 3rd plural | drunjanþi | drunjain | drunjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | drunjai | – |
| 2nd singular | drunjasai | drunjaisau |
| 3rd singular | drunjaþai | drunjaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | drunjanþai | drunjainþau |
| 2nd plural | drunjanþai | drunjainþau |
| 3rd plural | drunjanþai | drunjainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | drunidǭ | drunidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | drunidēz | drunidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | drunidē | drunidēdī |
| 1st dual | drunidēdū | drunidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | drunidēdudiz | drunidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | drunidēdum | drunidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | drunidēdud | drunidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | drunidēdun | drunidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| drunjaną | drunjandz | drunidaz |
Descendants
-
*drunnjan, *drunjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*drunen (Old Dutch)
-
druenen, drōnen (Middle Dutch)
-
dreunen (Dutch)
- dreun (Afrikaans)
-
dreunen (Dutch)
-
druenen, drōnen (Middle Dutch)
-
*drunen (Old Dutch)
-
*drunnjan, *drunjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*drunian (Old Saxon)
-
drönen (Middle Low German)
-
drönen (Low German)
- dröhnen (German)
-
drönen (Low German)
-
drönen (Middle Low German)
-
*drunian (Old Saxon)
-
drynja (Old Norse)
- drøne (Danish)
- drynja (Icelandic)
- drynja (Norwegian)