*drōbijaną
Runic: ᛞᚱᛟᛒᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈdrɔː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
To trouble, disturb
Etymology
From *drōbuz (‘turbid, disturbed, troubled’) + *-(i)janą (forms denominative and factitive Weak class 1 verbs).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | drōbijō | drōbijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | drōbīsi | drōbijais | drōbī |
| 3rd singular | drōbīþi | drōbijai | drōbijaþau |
| 1st dual | drōbijōs | drōbijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | drōbijaþiz | drōbijaiþiz | drōbijaþiz |
| 1st plural | drōbijamaz | drōbijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | drōbīþ | drōbijaiþ | drōbīþ |
| 3rd plural | drōbijanþi | drōbijain | drōbijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | drōbijai | – |
| 2nd singular | drōbijasai | drōbijaisau |
| 3rd singular | drōbijaþai | drōbijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | drōbijanþai | drōbijainþau |
| 2nd plural | drōbijanþai | drōbijainþau |
| 3rd plural | drōbijanþai | drōbijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | drōbidǭ | drōbidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | drōbidēz | drōbidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | drōbidē | drōbidēdī |
| 1st dual | drōbidēdū | drōbidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | drōbidēdudiz | drōbidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | drōbidēdum | drōbidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | drōbidēdud | drōbidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | drōbidēdun | drōbidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| drōbijaną | drōbijandz | drōbidaz |
Descendants
-
*drōbijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
druoven (Old Dutch)
-
droeven (Middle Dutch)
- droeven (Dutch)
- dreuve, druueve (Limburgish)
-
droeven (Middle Dutch)
-
druoven (Old Dutch)
-
*drōbijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
drēfan (Old English)
-
dreven (Middle English)
- dreve (English)
-
dreven (Middle English)
-
drēfan (Old English)
-
*drōbijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
truoben (Old High German)
-
trüeben (Middle High German)
- trüben (German)
-
trüeben (Middle High German)
-
truoben (Old High German)
-
*drōbijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
drōvian (Old Saxon)
-
drôven (Middle Low German)
- indröven (Low German)
-
drôven (Middle Low German)
-
drōvian (Old Saxon)
-
*drōbijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
drōvian (Old Saxon)
-
drôven (Middle Low German)
-
bedrōven (Middle Low German)
-
bedröven (Low German)
- bedrøve (Danish)
- bedröva (Swedish)
-
bedröven (Low German)
-
bedrōven (Middle Low German)
-
drôven (Middle Low German)
-
drōvian (Old Saxon)
- 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (drōbjan) (Gothic)