*dugunþō

Runic: ᛞᚢᚷᚢᚾᚦᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈdu.ɣun.θɔː/

noun · feminine · ō-stem

Meanings

  1. ability, usefulness, strength
  2. virtue, strength of character

Etymology

Possibly from an unattested adjective **dugunþaz (‘productive, useful, strong’) reformulated as an ō-stem, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéwgʰ-ont-s ~ *dʰugʰ-n̥t-és, from *dʰewgʰ- (‘to hit; produce; be strong, have force’) + *-onts(forms adjectives from Caland system roots) (Jasanoff 1978). (Kroonen 2013) constructs the etymon as an original ti-stem, dʰugʰ-Hn̥-tí-s, which appears to be a formation utilizing the so-called Hoffman suffix, *-Hō. See also *duganą (‘to be fit, avail’).

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.dugunþōdugunþôz
Acc.dugunþǭdugunþōz
Gen.dugunþōzdugunþǫ̂
Dat.dugunþōidugunþōmaz
Inst.dugunþōdugunþōmiz
Voc.dugunþōdugunþôz

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Descendants

  • *dugunþi, *dugunþu (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *dugath, *dugeth (Old Dutch)
      • doget, doghet, duget, dueget (Middle Dutch)
        • deugd (Dutch)
          • deug (Afrikaans)
  • *dugunþi, *dugunþu (Proto-West Germanic)
    • duguþ (Old English)
      • douthe, douth, douþe, duthe, doȝeðe, dugeð, duȝde, duȝeðe, duȝeþe, duheðe, duhþe, duweðe (Middle English)
        • douth (English)
        • duthe, douth (Scots)
  • *dugunþi, *dugunþu (Proto-West Germanic)
    • dugethe, dugede (Old Frisian)
      • döged, dögd (North Frisian)
      • Duugd (Saterland Frisian)
      • deugd (West Frisian)
  • *dugunþi, *dugunþu (Proto-West Germanic)
    • tungundi, tugund, tugind, *dugud (Old High German)
      • tugende, tugent, duget, duged (Middle High German)
        • Tuugend (Alemannic German)
        • טוגענד (tugend) (Yiddish)
  • *dugunþi, *dugunþu (Proto-West Germanic)
    • tungundi, tugund, tugind, *dugud (Old High German)
      • tugende, tugent, duget, duged (Middle High German)
        • Tugend (German)
          • Dugend, Dujend, Tugend, Tuend (Central Franconian)
          • Dugend (Luxembourgish)
  • *dugunþi, *dugunþu (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *dugund, *dugunt, *duguth (Old Saxon)
      • dogent, doget (Middle Low German)
        • Döögde, Döögte, Döögd, Döögt (Low German)
  • *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō) (Proto-Norse)
    • dygð, dyggð (Old Norse)
      • dygd (Faroese)
      • dygð, dyggð (Icelandic)
  • *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō) (Proto-Norse)
    • dygð, dyggð (Old Norse)
      • dygd (Norwegian Nynorsk)
        • dygd (Norwegian Bokmål)
  • *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō) (Proto-Norse)
    • dygð, dyggð (Old Norse)
      • dyghth (Old Danish)
        • dyd (Danish)
          • dyd (Norwegian Bokmål)
            • dyd (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō) (Proto-Norse)
    • dygð, dyggð (Old Norse)
      • dyghþ (Old Swedish)
        • dygd (Swedish)

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