*dwīnaną
Runic: ᛞᚹᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈdwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 1
Meanings
to dwindle, disappear
Etymology
According to (Orel 2003), from Proto-Indo-European root *dʰwey- (‘to slip away; dwindle; die’), from root *dʰew- (‘to die; pass away’). Given that Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰ generally becomes Proto-Germanic *w word-internally, according to (Kroonen 2013), this could instead be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (‘to decline, perish’), from an n-present, *dʰgʷʰéy-ne/o-with a cognate in Sanskrit क्षिणाति (kṣiṇā́ti) (kṣiṇā́ti, ‘to destroy, ruin’) (Scheungraber 2010).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dwīnō | dwīnaų | – |
| 2nd singular | dwīnizi | dwīnaiz | dwīn |
| 3rd singular | dwīnidi | dwīnai | dwīnadau |
| 1st dual | dwīnōz | dwīnaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | dwīnadiz | dwīnaidiz | dwīnadiz |
| 1st plural | dwīnamaz | dwīnaim | – |
| 2nd plural | dwīnid | dwīnaid | dwīnid |
| 3rd plural | dwīnandi | dwīnain | dwīnandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dwīnai | – |
| 2nd singular | dwīnazai | dwīnaizau |
| 3rd singular | dwīnadai | dwīnaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | dwīnandai | dwīnaindau |
| 2nd plural | dwīnandai | dwīnaindau |
| 3rd plural | dwīnandai | dwīnaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | dwain | dwinį̄ |
| 2nd singular | dwaint | dwinīz |
| 3rd singular | dwain | dwinī |
| 1st dual | dwinū | dwinīw |
| 2nd dual | dwinudiz | dwinīdiz |
| 1st plural | dwinum | dwinīm |
| 2nd plural | dwinud | dwinīd |
| 3rd plural | dwinun | dwinīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| dwīnaną | dwīnandz | dwinanaz |
Descendants
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*dwīnan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dwīnan (Old Dutch)
-
dwinen, verdwinen (Middle Dutch)
- dwijnen, verdwijnen (Dutch)
-
dwinen, verdwinen (Middle Dutch)
-
*dwīnan (Old Dutch)
-
*dwīnan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
dwīnan (Old English)
-
dwinen (Middle English)
- dwine, dwindle (English)
- dwyne, dwine (Scots)
-
dwinen (Middle English)
-
dwīnan (Old English)
-
*dwīnan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dwīna (Old Frisian)
- ferdwiene (Saterland Frisian)
- ferdwyne, ferdwine (West Frisian)
-
*dwīna (Old Frisian)
-
*dwīnan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*dwīnan (Old Saxon)
-
*dwînen (Middle Low German)
- dwienen, verdwienen (Low German)
-
*dwînen (Middle Low German)
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*dwīnan (Old Saxon)
-
dvína (Old Norse)
- dvína (Faroese)
- dvína (Icelandic)
- tvina (Swedish)