*erþō/Erþō^¹

Runic: ᛖᚱᚦᛟ/ᛖᚱᚦᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈer.θɔː/

noun · feminine · ō-stem

Meanings

earth

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ér-teh₂ (‘earth’) from root *h₁er- (‘earth’). Cognates are Albanian varr (‘grave’), Lithuanian érdvė (‘space, expanse’), and Tocharian B āre (‘plow; end; dust, loose earth’). Related to *ermunaz (‘world, earth’).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	erþō	erþôz
Acc.	erþǭ	erþōz
Gen.	erþōz	erþǫ̂
Dat.	erþōi	erþōmaz
Inst.	erþō	erþōmiz
Voc.	erþō	erþôz

Find a form

Descendants

*erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- ertha (Old Dutch)
  - erde (Middle Dutch)
    - aerd, aerj (Limburgish)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- ertha (Old Dutch)
  - erde (Middle Dutch)
    - aarde, aard (Dutch)
      - aarde (Afrikaans)
      - arde (Indonesian)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- ertha (Old Dutch)
  - erde (Middle Dutch)
    - aarde, aard (Dutch)
      - aarde, adu, aerde (Negerhollands)
        
        adu, ard (Virgin Islands Creole)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- eorþe, earþe, iorþe, eorþ, yrþ, eorðe, eorþo, eorþu, eorþæ, heorþe, heordæ, eorda, eordæ, eorða (Old English)
  - erthe, eerthe, eorthe, eorþe, ereth, erth, erþ, erþe, irthe, yrþe, orþe, ȝorthe, horþe, horðe, urþe, urthe, hurde, erde, earþe, erðe, eorðe, eorth, herðe, oerþe, oerþ (Middle English)
    - earth, Earth (English)
    - erth, eart, eard, eord, eorth (Yola)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- eorþe, earþe, iorþe, eorþ, yrþ, eorðe, eorþo, eorþu, eorþæ, heorþe, heordæ, eorda, eordæ, eorða (Old English)
  - erthe, eerthe, eorthe, eorþe, ereth, erth, erþ, erþe, irthe, yrþe, orþe, ȝorthe, horþe, horðe, urþe, urthe, hurde, erde, earþe, erðe, eorðe, eorth, herðe, oerþe, oerþ (Middle English)
    - erd, erde, ȝerd, ȝeird (Middle Scots)
      - erd, yerd, yird, yirth, Yird (Scots)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- erthe, erde, irthe (Old Frisian)
  - ? (North Frisian)
  - Äide, Idde, Äid (Saterland Frisian)
  - ierde (West Frisian)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- ërda, haerda (Old High German)
  - ërde (Middle High German)
    - Ëërde (Alemannic German)
    - Erd, Erdn (Bavarian)
    - Ääd, Erd, Äerd (Central Franconian)
    - Erde (German)
    - Äerd (Luxembourgish)
    - Erd (Rhine Franconian)
    - ערד (erd) (Yiddish)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- ertha, erda (Old Saxon)
  - ērde (Middle Low German)
    - Ead, Ieed (Plautdietsch)
*erþā, *erþu (Proto-West Germanic)
- ertha, erda (Old Saxon)
  - ērde (Middle Low German)
    - Erde (Low German)
      - eerde (Dutch Low Saxon)
      - Eer, Eerd, Eerde, Ier, Ierd, Ierde (Low German)
*ᛖᚱᚦᚢ (*erþu) (Proto-Norse)
- jǫrð, jorð (Old Norse)
  - jørð (Faroese)
  - jörð (Icelandic)
  - jórð (Jamtish)
  - jord (Norwegian Nynorsk)
*ᛖᚱᚦᚢ (*erþu) (Proto-Norse)
- jǫrð, jorð (Old Norse)
  - iorþ, iorth, ᛁᚮᚱᚦ (Old Danish)
    - jord (Danish)
      - jord (Norwegian Bokmål)
*ᛖᚱᚦᚢ (*erþu) (Proto-Norse)
- jǫrð, jorð (Old Norse)
  - iorþ, iordh (Old Swedish)
    - jord (Swedish)
𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa) (Gothic)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary