*etunaz

Runic: ᛖᛏᚢᚾᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈe.tu.nɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

  1. an eater, overeater, glutton
  2. a giant

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éd-un-o-s (‘eater, devourer’), a thematicized form of the oblique stem of *h₁éd-wr̥ ~ *h₁d-wén-s, an r/n-heteroclitic form from root *h₁ed- (‘to eat’) (Wodtko et al. 2008). Compare structural cognates from the same root: Ancient Greek εἶδαρ (eîdăr) (eîdăr, ‘food’) < PIE *h₁édur, Vedic Sanskrit अद्वन् (ādvan) (ādvan) in अग्राद्वन् (agrādvan, ‘having precedence in eating’) < PIE *h₁dwén, and Luwian 𒀀𒁺𒈾 (a-du-na /aduna/, ‘to eat’) < PIE *h₁éd-un-o-. The semantics changed from ‘devourer’ → ‘giant’ in the daughter languages.

Declension

CaseSingularPlural
Nom.etunazetunōz, etunōs
Acc.etunąetunanz
Gen.etunas, etunisetunǫ̂
Dat.etunaietunamaz
Inst.etunōetunamiz
Voc.etunetunōz, etunōs

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Descendants

  • *etun (Proto-West Germanic)
    • eoten, eten (Old English)
      • eten, eotend, eatant, yoten, geten (Middle English)
        • etten, ettin, eaton (English)
        • etin, etyn, eattin, yetin (Scots)
  • *etun (Proto-West Germanic)
    • *etun, *etinna (Old Saxon)
      • eteninne (Middle Low German)
  • jǫtunn (Old Norse)
    • jøtun (Faroese)
    • jotuni (Finnish)
    • jötunn (Icelandic)
    • jutul, jotun (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • jøtul, jutul, jotun, jøtun (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • jǫtunn (Old Norse)
    • iætæn (Old Danish)
      • jætte (Danish)
  • jǫtunn (Old Norse)
    • iætun, iætte (Old Swedish)
      • jätte (Swedish)
        • jätti (Finnish)
  • *jietënës (Proto-Samic)
  • *etana (Proto-Finnic)

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