*faluz

Runic: ᚠᚨᛚᚢᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɸɑ.luz/

adjective · u-stem

Meanings

terrible; cruel; bad; baleful

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pól (h1)-u-s from an o-grade form of root *pelh₁- / *pel- (‘to set in motion, shake, agitate’). Compare Proto-Slavic *pȏlxъ (‘timid, fearful; fear, agitation’) and *polšiti (‘to scare’), probably reflecting the same semantic development from ‘agitation, trembling’ to ‘fear’. Related to *fēlaz (‘terrifying’). The predominance of i-mutated reflexes suggests early paradigmatic influence from *fali-/*falj-forms or possible secondary reanalysis as an i-/ja-stem.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	faluz	falī	falų, -jatō	faljai	faljôz	faljō
Acc.	faljanǭ	faljǭ	falų, -jatō	faljanz	faljōz	faljō
Gen.	faljas, falis	faljaizōz	faljas, falis	faljaizǫ̂	faljaizǫ̂	faljaizǫ̂
Dat.	faljammai	faljaizōi	faljammai	faljaimaz	faljaimaz	faljaimaz
Inst.	faljanō	faljaizō	faljanō	faljaimiz	faljaimiz	faljaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	faljô	faljǭ	faljô	faljaniz	faljōniz	faljōnō
Acc.	faljanų	faljōnų	faljô	faljanunz	faljōnunz	faljōnō
Gen.	faliniz	faljōniz	faliniz	faljanǫ̂	faljōnǫ̂	faljanǫ̂
Dat.	falini	faljōni	falini	faljammaz	faljōmaz	faljammaz
Inst.	falinē	faljōnē	falinē	faljammiz	faljōmiz	faljammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*fali, *falu (Proto-West Germanic)
- *feli, *fel, *felli (Old Dutch)
  - fel (Middle Dutch)
    - fel (Dutch)
*fali, *falu (Proto-West Germanic)
- *fæle, *felo, *fel (Old English)
  - ælfæle, ealfelo, wælfel (Old English)
*fali, *falu (Proto-West Germanic)
- *fæle, *felo, *fel (Old English)
  - fel, fell (Middle English)
    - fell (English)
    - fell (Scots)
*fali, *falu (Proto-West Germanic)
- fal, fale, *fel, *fele (Old Frisian)
  - fäl (Saterland Frisian)
  - fel (West Frisian)
*fali, *falu (Proto-West Germanic)
- *feli, *fel (Old High German)
  - vel (Middle High German)
    - velheit, felheit (Middle High German)
*fali (Proto-West Germanic)
- *feli, *fel (Old Saxon)
  - fel, vil (Middle Low German)
    - fell (Low German)
    - velike (Middle Low German)

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