*fernaz

Runic: ᚠᛖᚱᚾᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɸer.nɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

  1. foregoing, previous
  2. recent, last-year

Etymology

From an Indo-European temporal stem *per(H)-n-, probably originally adverbial/locatival. Compare Lithuanian pérnai/pérnais (‘last year’) < *per(H)-noi and Latvian pę̃rn/pę̃rns (‘last year; s’’) (Derksen 2015). Related to the separate adverbial formation *peruti (‘last year’) reflected by Sanskrit परुत् (parút) (parút, ‘last year’), Ancient Greek πέρῠσῐ (pérŭsĭ) (pérŭsĭ, ‘a year ago, last year’), Armenian հերու (heru, ’last year, in the last year’), and Proto-Germanic *ferudi (‘last year, a year ago’).

Declension

Strong declension

CaseSg. Masc.Sg. Fem.Sg. Neut.Pl. Masc.Pl. Fem.Pl. Neut.
Nom.fernazfernōferną, -atōfernaifernôzfernō
Acc.fernanǭfernǭferną, -atōfernanzfernōzfernō
Gen.fernas, -isfernaizōzfernas, -isfernaizǫ̂fernaizǫ̂fernaizǫ̂
Dat.fernammaifernaizōifernammaifernaimazfernaimazfernaimaz
Inst.fernanōfernaizōfernanōfernaimizfernaimizfernaimiz

Weak declension

CaseSg. Masc.Sg. Fem.Sg. Neut.Pl. Masc.Pl. Fem.Pl. Neut.
Nom.fernôfernǭfernôfernanizfernōnizfernōnō
Acc.fernanųfernōnųfernôfernanunzfernōnunzfernōnō
Gen.ferninizfernōnizferninizfernanǫ̂fernōnǫ̂fernanǫ̂
Dat.ferninifernōniferninifernammazfernōmazfernammaz
Inst.ferninēfernōnēferninēfernammizfernōmizfernammiz

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Descendants

  • *ferni (Old Dutch)
    • verne (Middle Dutch)
      • verne (Dutch)
  • firn, fyrn (Old English)
  • fēr, fīr (Old Frisian)
    • fier (North Frisian)
    • fier (Saterland Frisian)
    • fier (West Frisian)
  • fern (Old Saxon)
    • verne, vere, ver (Middle Low German)
      • feern (Low German)
  • firni (Old High German)
    • virne, vërne (Middle High German)
      • fëret, Fiire (Alemannic German)
  • firni (Old High German)
    • virne, vërne (Middle High German)
      • firne, firn (German)
        • Firn (German)
  • forn (Old Norse)
    • forne (Danish)
    • fornur (Faroese)
    • forn (Icelandic)
    • fonn, fodn (Norwegian)
    • forn (Norwegian Bokmål)
    • forn (Norwegian Nynorsk)
  • forn (Old Norse)
    • forn (Old Swedish)
      • forn (Swedish)
  • 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns) (Gothic)

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