*fulgāną
Runic: ᚠᚢᛚᚷᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɸul.ɣɑː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 3
Meanings
to follow
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly originated as a compound of the roots of *fullaz (‘full’) and *gāną (‘to go’), with a sense of "full-going". This could have shifted to a meaning of "to serve, go with as an attendant" (compare also fulfill).
Alternatively, may be derived from a Proto-Indo-European *pelḱ-, *polḱ- (‘to turn, twist, wind’), which itself might have merged with another verb to form Proto-Germanic *felhaną (“to conceal”, but also “to go, proceed”).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | fulgō | – | – |
| 2nd singular | fulgaisi | – | fulgai |
| 3rd singular | fulgaiþi | – | fulgāþau |
| 1st dual | fulgōs | – | – |
| 2nd dual | fulgāþiz | – | fulgāþiz |
| 1st plural | fulgāmaz | – | – |
| 2nd plural | fulgaiþ | – | fulgaiþ |
| 3rd plural | fulgānþi | – | fulgānþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | fulgāsai | – |
| 3rd singular | fulgāþai | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | fulgānþai | – |
| 2nd plural | fulgānþai | – |
| 3rd plural | fulgānþai | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | fulgadǭ | fulgadēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | fulgadēz | fulgadēdīz |
| 3rd singular | fulgadē | fulgadēdī |
| 1st dual | fulgadēdū | fulgadēdīw |
| 2nd dual | fulgadēdudiz | fulgadēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | fulgadēdum | fulgadēdīm |
| 2nd plural | fulgadēdud | fulgadēdīd |
| 3rd plural | fulgadēdun | fulgadēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| fulgāną | fulgāndz | fulgadaz |
Descendants
-
*folgēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
folgon (Old Dutch)
-
volgen (Middle Dutch)
- vólge (Limburgish)
-
volgen (Middle Dutch)
-
folgon (Old Dutch)
-
*folgēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
folgon (Old Dutch)
-
volgen (Middle Dutch)
-
volgen (Dutch)
- volg (Afrikaans)
- volg, folok, folk (Negerhollands)
- flakka, faáka (Saramaccan)
-
volgen (Dutch)
-
volgen (Middle Dutch)
-
folgon (Old Dutch)
-
*folgēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
folgian (Old English)
-
folwen (Middle English)
- follow (English)
-
folwen (Middle English)
-
folgian (Old English)
-
*folgēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
folgian (Old English)
-
folwen (Middle English)
-
folȝe, folow, falow (Middle Scots)
- follae (Scots)
-
folȝe, folow, falow (Middle Scots)
-
folwen (Middle English)
-
folgian (Old English)
-
*folgēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
folgia, fulgia, folia (Old Frisian)
- foulgje (Saterland Frisian)
- folgje (West Frisian)
-
folgia, fulgia, folia (Old Frisian)
-
*folgēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
folgēn, folkēn (Old High German)
-
volgen (Middle High German)
- folge (Alemannic German)
- foign (Bavarian)
- folgen (German)
- follegen (Luxembourgish)
- פֿאָלגן (folgn) (Yiddish)
-
volgen (Middle High German)
-
folgēn, folkēn (Old High German)
-
*folgēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
folgon, fulgon (Old Saxon)
-
volgen (Middle Low German)
- folgen (German Low German)
-
volgen (Middle Low German)
-
folgon, fulgon (Old Saxon)
-
fulger (Old Norse)
- folger (Old Swedish)