*fulką

Runic: ᚠᚢᛚᚲᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɸul.kɑ̃/

noun · neuter · a-stem

Meanings

troop, army

Etymology

From *fulkaz (‘crowd, army’), of uncertain origin. May ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (‘to fill’). Compare Latin plebs (‘common people’).

Old Church Slavonic плъкъ (plŭkŭ) (plŭkŭ, ‘army division’) and Lithuanian pulkas (‘crowd’) show f > p substitution, which simply could be a result of the word being borrowed before that sound became standard phonemes in the languages thanks to loanwords. Some also speculate the possibility of the word being borrowed before Grimm's law even started.

Orel's connection with Welsh ôl (‘track, trace’) is unlikely, considering the latter's likely origin from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (‘alien, other’).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	fulką	fulkō
Acc.	fulką	fulkō
Gen.	fulkas, fulkis	fulkǫ̂
Dat.	fulkai	fulkamaz
Inst.	fulkō	fulkamiz
Voc.	fulką	fulkō

Find a form

Descendants

*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- fulcus (Early Medieval Latin)
  - fuelga (Asturian)
  - folc (Catalan)
  - foula (Galician)
  - folla (Italian)
  - foulc (Old French)
*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- folc (Old Dutch)
  - volc (Middle Dutch)
    - vouk (Limburgish)
*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- folc (Old Dutch)
  - volc (Middle Dutch)
    - volk, vouk (Dutch)
      - volk (Afrikaans)
      - volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk (Negerhollands)
      - folku (Sranan Tongo)
*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- folc (Old English)
  - folk, folc, folck, follc, volc, foolk, folke, fok, foke, volk (Middle English)
    - folk, folkes (English)
    - fowk (Scots)
*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- folk (Old Frisian)
  - följk (North Frisian)
  - Foulk (Saterland Frisian)
  - folk (West Frisian)
*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- folk, folc, folch (Old High German)
  - volk (Middle High German)
    - vòlk, bòlk (Cimbrian)
    - Volk (German)
    - Follek (Hunsrik)
    - Vollek (Luxembourgish)
    - fulk (Vilamovian)
    - פֿאָלק (folk) (Yiddish)
*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- folk, folc (Old Saxon)
  - volk (Middle Low German)
    - Volkj (Plautdietsch)
*folk (Proto-West Germanic)
- folk, folc (Old Saxon)
  - volk (Middle Low German)
    - Volk (Low German)
      - Volk (German Low German)
*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka) (Proto-Norse)
- *fuolkkē (Proto-Samic)
*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka) (Proto-Norse)
- folk, fólk (Old Norse)
  - fuok (Elfdalian)
  - fólk (Faroese)
  - fólk (Icelandic)
  - fołk (Jamtish)
  - folekar (Norn)
  - folk, fólk, fókk, følk, fælk (Norwegian Nynorsk)
*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka) (Proto-Norse)
- folk, fólk (Old Norse)
  - folk (Old Danish)
    - fólk (Scanian)
*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka) (Proto-Norse)
- folk, fólk (Old Norse)
  - folk (Old Danish)
    - folk (Danish)
      - folk (Norwegian Bokmål)
*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka) (Proto-Norse)
- folk, fólk (Old Norse)
  - fulk (Old Gutnish)
    - fålk (Gutnish)
*ᚠᛟᛚᚲᚨ (*folka) (Proto-Norse)
- folk, fólk (Old Norse)
  - folk, fulk (Old Swedish)
    - folk (Swedish)
*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (Gothic)
- *pъlkъ (Proto-Slavic)
  - ? (East Slavic)
    - пълкъ (pŭlkŭ), пълъкъ (pŭlŭkŭ) (Old East Slavic)
      - полк (polk) (Russian)
*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (Gothic)
- *pъlkъ (Proto-Slavic)
  - ? (East Slavic)
    - пълкъ (pŭlkŭ), пълъкъ (pŭlŭkŭ) (Old East Slavic)
      - полкъ (polk) (Old Ruthenian)
        
        полк (polk) (Belarusian)
        
        полк (polk) (Ukrainian)
*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (Gothic)
- *pъlkъ (Proto-Slavic)
  - ? (East Slavic)
    - пълкъ (pŭlkŭ), пълъкъ (pŭlŭkŭ) (Old East Slavic)
      - полкъ (polk) (Old Ruthenian)
        
        połk, półk, pułk (Polish)
        
        Pulk (German)
        
        pulks (Latvian)
*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (Gothic)
- *pъlkъ (Proto-Slavic)
  - ? (South Slavic)
    - пълк (pǎlk) (Bulgarian)
    - полк (polk) (Macedonian)
    - ? (Old Church Slavonic)
    - ? (Serbo-Croatian)
    - połk (Slovene)
*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (Gothic)
- *pъlkъ (Proto-Slavic)
  - ? (West Slavic)
    - pluk (Czech)
    - *pełk (Old Polish)
    - pluk (Slovak)
*𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌺 (*fulk) (Gothic)
- *pъlkъ (Proto-Slavic)
  - ? (West Slavic)
    - ? (Sorbian)
      - połk (Upper Sorbian)
*hulkka (Proto-Finnic)

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