*fūlaz

Runic: ᚠᚢᛚᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɸuː.lɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

foul, dirty
rotten

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s, from *puH- (‘to be rotten; putrid’). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (‘to rot’), Latin pūs (‘foul, corrupt matter; pus’), Sanskrit पूयति (pū́yati) (pūyati, ‘rots, smells’), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, ‘to rot’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	fūlaz	fūlō	fūlą, -atō	fūlai	fūlôz	fūlō
Acc.	fūlanǭ	fūlǭ	fūlą, -atō	fūlanz	fūlōz	fūlō
Gen.	fūlas, -is	fūlaizōz	fūlas, -is	fūlaizǫ̂	fūlaizǫ̂	fūlaizǫ̂
Dat.	fūlammai	fūlaizōi	fūlammai	fūlaimaz	fūlaimaz	fūlaimaz
Inst.	fūlanō	fūlaizō	fūlanō	fūlaimiz	fūlaimiz	fūlaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	fūlô	fūlǭ	fūlô	fūlaniz	fūlōniz	fūlōnō
Acc.	fūlanų	fūlōnų	fūlô	fūlanunz	fūlōnunz	fūlōnō
Gen.	fūliniz	fūlōniz	fūliniz	fūlanǫ̂	fūlōnǫ̂	fūlanǫ̂
Dat.	fūlini	fūlōni	fūlini	fūlammaz	fūlōmaz	fūlammaz
Inst.	fūlinē	fūlōnē	fūlinē	fūlammiz	fūlōmiz	fūlammiz

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Descendants

*fūl (Proto-West Germanic)
- *fūl (Old Dutch)
  - vuul (Middle Dutch)
    - vuil (Dutch)
      - vuil (Afrikaans)
*fūl (Proto-West Germanic)
- fūl (Old English)
  - foul (Middle English)
    - foul (English)
    - foul (Scots)
*fūl (Proto-West Germanic)
- fūl (Old Frisian)
  - fuul (Saterland Frisian)
  - fûl (West Frisian)
*fūl (Proto-West Germanic)
- fūl (Old High German)
  - vūl, voul (Middle High German)
    - baul (Cimbrian)
    - faul (German)
    - פֿױל (foyl) (Yiddish)
*fūl (Proto-West Germanic)
- *fūl (Old Saxon)
  - vûl (Middle Low German)
    - fuul (German Low German)
fúll (Old Norse)
- ful (Danish)
- fúlur (Faroese)
- fäul (Gutnish)
- fúll (Icelandic)
- ful (Norwegian Bokmål)
- ful (Norwegian Nynorsk)
fúll (Old Norse)
- fūl (Old Swedish)
  - ful (Swedish)
𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fūls) (Gothic)

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