*gebaną

Runic: ᚷᛖᛒᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 5

Meanings

to give (with dative object)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-e-ti, from *gʰebʰ- (‘to give, move’) (traditionally *gʰabʰ-). Cognate with Latvian gãbtiês (‘to snatch, grab, seize’), Lithuanian góbti (id.) (id.), Proto-Slavic *gabati (‘to seize, take’) and Sanskrit गभस्ति (gábhasti) (gábhasti, ‘arm, hand’).

However, some Leiden scholars reject the existence of *gʰebʰ- without a laryngeal, reconstructing it as *gʰeHbʰ-, and therefore reject the appurtenance of Germanic *geb-. Kortlandt proposes to connect Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (‘to seize’) and assumes it was prefixed in Proto-Germanic with *ga-; this is supported by Kroonen.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	gebō	gebaų	–
2nd singular	gibizi	gebaiz	geb
3rd singular	gibidi	gebai	gebadau
1st dual	gebōz	gebaiw	–
2nd dual	gebadiz	gebaidiz	gebadiz
1st plural	gebamaz	gebaim	–
2nd plural	gibid	gebaid	gibid
3rd plural	gebandi	gebain	gebandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	gebai	–
2nd singular	gebazai	gebaizau
3rd singular	gebadai	gebaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	gebandai	gebaindau
2nd plural	gebandai	gebaindau
3rd plural	gebandai	gebaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	gab	gēbį̄
2nd singular	gaft	gēbīz
3rd singular	gab	gēbī
1st dual	gēbū	gēbīw
2nd dual	gēbudiz	gēbīdiz
1st plural	gēbum	gēbīm
2nd plural	gēbud	gēbīd
3rd plural	gēbun	gēbīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
gebaną	gebandz	gebanaz

Find a form

Descendants

*geban (Proto-West Germanic)
- gevan (Old Dutch)
  - gēven (Middle Dutch)
    - gaeve (Limburgish)
*geban (Proto-West Germanic)
- gevan (Old Dutch)
  - gēven (Middle Dutch)
    - geven (Dutch)
      - gee (Afrikaans)
      - heef (Javindo)
      - xêve (Jersey Dutch)
      - gie, gi, giev, gief (Negerhollands)
      - gef (Skepi Creole Dutch)
*geban (Proto-West Germanic)
- ġiefan, ġifan, ġyfan, ġefan, ġeofan, ġiofan (Old English)
  - given, gifen, geven (Middle English)
    - give, gie, gi' (English)
    - gie, geve, gewe, gif, gyf, gefe (Scots)
    - gee (Yola)
*geban (Proto-West Germanic)
- ġiefan, ġifan, ġyfan, ġefan, ġeofan, ġiofan (Old English)
  - yiven, ȝeven, ȝiven, yeven (Middle English)
    - yive, yeve (English)
    - yie, ye, yive (Yola)
*geban (Proto-West Germanic)
- jeva (Old Frisian)
  - jiw (North Frisian)
  - jaan (West Frisian)
*geban (Proto-West Germanic)
- geban, keban, kepan, gevan (Old High German)
  - gëben, gegëben, gēn, këben, gëven (Middle High German)
    - gë, gua, gää, gea (Alemannic German)
    - gebn (Bavarian)
    - jevve, jenn, gewe, gewwe, genn (Central Franconian)
    - geb, gebe, gewe (East Franconian)
    - geben (German)
    - ? (Rhine Franconian)
    - gaon, gann (Vilamovian)
    - געבן (gebn) (Yiddish)
*geban (Proto-West Germanic)
- gevan, geƀan (Old Saxon)
  - geven (Middle Low German)
    - geven, gewen, giäwen, giewen (Low German)
ᚷᛁᛒᚢ (gibu) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - djävå (Elfdalian)
  - geva (Faroese)
  - giva, gi (Gutnish)
  - gefa (Icelandic)
  - gjeva, gjeve, gje, giva, gjåvå (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᚷᛁᛒᚢ (gibu) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - give (Danish)
    - gi, give (Norwegian Bokmål)
      - gi (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᚷᛁᛒᚢ (gibu) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - given (Middle English)
    - give (English)
    - gie, geve, gewe, gif, gyf, gefe (Scots)
ᚷᛁᛒᚢ (gibu) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - giva, gæva, giffua, giffwa (Old Swedish)
    - giva (Swedish)
ᚷᛁᛒᚢ (gibu) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - gi (Scanian)
    - ge (Hallandian)
ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - djävå (Elfdalian)
  - geva (Faroese)
  - giva, gi (Gutnish)
  - gefa (Icelandic)
  - gjeva, gjeve, gje, giva, gjåvå (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - give (Danish)
    - gi, give (Norwegian Bokmål)
      - gi (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - given (Middle English)
    - give (English)
    - gie, geve, gewe, gif, gyf, gefe (Scots)
ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - giva, gæva, giffua, giffwa (Old Swedish)
    - giva (Swedish)
ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf) (Proto-Norse)
- gefa, ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf), ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu) (Old Norse)
  - gi (Scanian)
    - ge (Hallandian)
𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (giban) (Gothic)

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