*gnīdaną
Runic: ᚷᚾᛁᛞᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣniː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 1
Meanings
to rub, to grind
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ- (‘to rub’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gnīdō | gnīdaų | – |
| 2nd singular | gnīdizi | gnīdaiz | gnīd |
| 3rd singular | gnīdidi | gnīdai | gnīdadau |
| 1st dual | gnīdōz | gnīdaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | gnīdadiz | gnīdaidiz | gnīdadiz |
| 1st plural | gnīdamaz | gnīdaim | – |
| 2nd plural | gnīdid | gnīdaid | gnīdid |
| 3rd plural | gnīdandi | gnīdain | gnīdandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gnīdai | – |
| 2nd singular | gnīdazai | gnīdaizau |
| 3rd singular | gnīdadai | gnīdaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | gnīdandai | gnīdaindau |
| 2nd plural | gnīdandai | gnīdaindau |
| 3rd plural | gnīdandai | gnīdaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gnaid | gnidį̄ |
| 2nd singular | gnaist | gnidīz |
| 3rd singular | gnaid | gnidī |
| 1st dual | gnidū | gnidīw |
| 2nd dual | gnidudiz | gnidīdiz |
| 1st plural | gnidum | gnidīm |
| 2nd plural | gnidud | gnidīd |
| 3rd plural | gnidun | gnidīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| gnīdaną | gnīdandz | gnidanaz |
Descendants
-
*gnīdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
gnīdan (Old English)
- gniden, gnyde (Middle English)
-
gnīdan (Old English)
-
*gnīdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
gnītan (Old High German)
- gnīten (Middle High German)
-
gnītan (Old High German)
-
*gnīdan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*gnīdan (Old Saxon)
- gnīden (Middle Low German)
-
*gnīdan (Old Saxon)
-
gníða (Old Norse)
- gnide, nithe (Danish)
- gníða (Icelandic)
-
gníða (Old Norse)
-
gnidha (Old Swedish)
- gnida (Swedish)
-
gnidha (Old Swedish)