*grunduz

Runic: ᚷᚱᚢᚾᛞᚢᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈɣrun.duz/

noun · masculine · u-stem

Meanings

ground, foundation

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *gʰrm̥tús, a tu-stem derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (‘floor, settlement’), whose relation to *gʰrem- in the sense of "to rumble", if any, is unclear. Kroonen connects Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰarmyám (‘permanent building’), which would imply the root to be *ǵʰrem- ~ *ǵʰerm-. Less likely related to Lithuanian pã-grindas (“lake bottom”, literally “under-floorboard”) (pace Orel), for which see Proto-Germanic *grindiz (‘fence made of bars’), Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (‘beam, plank’).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	grumþuz	grumþiwiz
Acc.	grumþų	grumþunz
Gen.	grundauz	grundiwǫ̂
Dat.	grundiwi	grundumaz
Inst.	grundū	grundumiz
Voc.	grumþu	grumþiwiz

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Descendants

*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunt (Old Dutch)
  - gront (Middle Dutch)
    - grond (Dutch)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grund (Old English)
  - ground, grund, grounde (Middle English)
    - grund, groond (Geordie)
    - grund, groond, greund (Scots)
    - greoune, greoun, greound (Yola)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grund (Old English)
  - ground, grund, grounde (Middle English)
    - ground (English)
      - garaund (Fiji Hindi)
      - grawnd (Maltese)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grund (Old Frisian)
  - Gruund (Saterland Frisian)
  - grûn (West Frisian)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunt (Old High German)
  - grunt (Middle High German)
    - grund, grumf (Cimbrian)
    - Grund (German)
    - Grond (Luxembourgish)
    - גרונט (grunt) (Yiddish)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunt (Old High German)
  - grunt (Middle High German)
    - grunt (Old Polish)
      - grōnt (Silesian)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunt (Old High German)
  - grunt (Middle High German)
    - grunt (Old Polish)
      - grunt, gront, grąt, gruńt, grońt (Polish)
        
        gruńt, grëńt (Kashubian)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grunt (Old High German)
  - grunt (Middle High German)
    - грунт (grunt) (Russian)
      - грунт (Serbo-Croatian)
*grundu (Proto-West Germanic)
- grund (Old Saxon)
  - grunt (Middle Low German)
    - Grund (German Low German)
*grundr (Old Norse)
- grund (Faroese)
- grund (Icelandic)
- grund (Norwegian Nynorsk)
*grundr (Old Norse)
- grund (Danish)
  - grunn (Norwegian Bokmål)
*grundr (Old Norse)
- grunder (Old Swedish)
  - grund (Swedish)
grund (Old Norse)
- grund (Faroese)
- grund (Icelandic)
- grund (Norwegian Nynorsk)
grund (Old Norse)
- grund (Danish)
  - grunn (Norwegian Bokmål)
grund (Old Norse)
- grunder (Old Swedish)
  - grund (Swedish)
grunnr (Old Norse)
- grunnur (Faroese)
- grunnur (Icelandic)
- grunn, grunn’e, grønn (Norwegian Nynorsk)
- grunnd (Scottish Gaelic)
*𐌲𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (*grundus) (Gothic)
𐌲𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌿𐍃 (grunduwaddjus) (Gothic)

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