*gruppōną
Runic: ᚷᚱᚢᛈᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣrup.pɔː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 2
Meanings
to dig, scrape, groove
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *gʰr̥bʰnéh₂-, with remodeling based on its strong verb, an iterative formation to *grabaną (‘to dig’), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (‘to dig, scratch, bury’). Related to Sanskrit गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇāti) (gṛbhṇāti, ‘to seize, lay hold of’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gruppō | gruppǭ | – |
| 2nd singular | gruppōsi | gruppōs | gruppō |
| 3rd singular | gruppōþi | gruppō | gruppōþau |
| 1st dual | gruppōs | gruppōw | – |
| 2nd dual | gruppōþiz | gruppōþiz | gruppōþiz |
| 1st plural | gruppōmaz | gruppōm | – |
| 2nd plural | gruppōþ | gruppōþ | gruppōþ |
| 3rd plural | gruppōnþi | gruppōn | gruppōnþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gruppōi | – |
| 2nd singular | gruppōsai | gruppōsau |
| 3rd singular | gruppōþai | gruppōþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | gruppōnþai | gruppōnþau |
| 2nd plural | gruppōnþai | gruppōnþau |
| 3rd plural | gruppōnþai | gruppōnþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gruppōdǭ | gruppōdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | gruppōdēz | gruppōdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | gruppōdē | gruppōdēdī |
| 1st dual | gruppōdēdū | gruppōdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | gruppōdēdudiz | gruppōdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | gruppōdēdum | gruppōdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | gruppōdēdud | gruppōdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | gruppōdēdun | gruppōdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| gruppōną | gruppōndz | gruppōdaz |
Descendants
-
grubben (Middle English)
- grub, groop (English)
-
gropen (Middle English)
- grub, groop (English)
- gropen (Middle Low German)
-
? (Old Dutch)
-
grobben (Middle Dutch)
- grobbelen (Dutch)
-
grobben (Middle Dutch)
- groppen (German)
- gropa (Norwegian)