*gudą

Runic: ᚷᚢᛞᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣu.ðɑ̃/

noun · neuter · a-stem

Meanings

god, deity

Etymology

Unknown. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutóm (neuter past participle), either meaning “(that which is) invoked”, from *ǵʰewH- (‘to call, to invoke’), or ‘libated, poured as part of a liquid offering’, from *ǵʰew- (‘to pour’), perhaps via the earlier meaning of ‘[libation made to an] idol’ or ‘spirit immanent in a burial mound’. However, the derivation from *ǵʰewH- would normally result in long ū, and the root *ǵʰew- only occurs in Germanic in the extended form *ǵʰewd-.

Another hypothesis is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰutóm, connected to Old Church Slavonic говѣти (gověti) (gověti, ‘to revere’) (see Proto-Slavic *gověti). A non-Indo-European origin has also been proposed.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	gudą	gudō
Acc.	gudą	gudō
Gen.	gudas, gudis	gudǫ̂
Dat.	gudai	gudamaz
Inst.	gudō	gudamiz
Voc.	gudą	gudō

Find a form

Descendants

*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- got (Old Dutch)
  - got (Middle Dutch)
    - gód, Gód (Limburgish)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- got (Old Dutch)
  - got (Middle Dutch)
    - god, God (Dutch)
      - god, God (Afrikaans)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- god (Old English)
  - god (Middle English)
    - god, God (English)
    - god, God (Scots)
    - God, gud, Gud (Yola)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- god (Old Frisian)
  - God (Saterland Frisian)
  - god, God (West Frisian)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- god (Old Frisian)
  - ? (North Frisian)
    - God (Föhr-Amrum)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- got, cot (Old High German)
  - got (Middle High German)
    - Gott (Alemannic German)
    - Gott (German)
    - Göt (Vilamovian)
    - גאָט (got) (Yiddish)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- got, cot (Old High German)
  - got (Middle High German)
    - ? (Bavarian)
      - Gott (Cimbrian)
      - Gott (Mòcheno)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- got, cot (Old High German)
  - got (Middle High German)
    - Jott (Central Franconian)
      - Gott (Hunsrik)
      - Gott (Luxembourgish)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- got, cot (Old High German)
  - got (Middle High German)
    - ? (Low German)
      - ? (German Low German)
        
        Gott (Plautdietsch)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- got, cot (Old High German)
  - got (Middle High German)
    - ? (Rhine Franconian)
      - Gott (Pennsylvania German)
*god (Proto-West Germanic)
- god (Old Saxon)
  - gad, god (Middle Low German)
    - Gott (Low German)
    - Gott (Plautdietsch)
goð (Old Norse)
- guð (Elfdalian)
- Gud, gudur (Faroese)
- gud, gu (Gutnish)
- goð, guð, Guð (Icelandic)
- gu, gud, Gu, Gud (Norwegian Nynorsk)
goð (Old Norse)
- gud (Danish)
  - guuti (Greenlandic)
  - gud (Norwegian Bokmål)
goð (Old Norse)
- guþ (Old Swedish)
  - gud (Swedish)
guð (Old Norse)
- guð (Elfdalian)
- Gud, gudur (Faroese)
- gud, gu (Gutnish)
- goð, guð, Guð (Icelandic)
- gu, gud, Gu, Gud (Norwegian Nynorsk)
guð (Old Norse)
- gud (Danish)
  - guuti (Greenlandic)
  - gud (Norwegian Bokmål)
guð (Old Norse)
- guþ (Old Swedish)
  - gud (Swedish)
ᚴᚢᚦ (kuþ) (Old Norse)
- guð (Elfdalian)
- Gud, gudur (Faroese)
- gud, gu (Gutnish)
- goð, guð, Guð (Icelandic)
- gu, gud, Gu, Gud (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᚴᚢᚦ (kuþ) (Old Norse)
- gud (Danish)
  - guuti (Greenlandic)
  - gud (Norwegian Bokmål)
ᚴᚢᚦ (kuþ) (Old Norse)
- guþ (Old Swedish)
  - gud (Swedish)
ᚷᚢᛞ (ɢuᴅ) (Old Norse)
- guð (Elfdalian)
- Gud, gudur (Faroese)
- gud, gu (Gutnish)
- goð, guð, Guð (Icelandic)
- gu, gud, Gu, Gud (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᚷᚢᛞ (ɢuᴅ) (Old Norse)
- gud (Danish)
  - guuti (Greenlandic)
  - gud (Norwegian Bokmål)
ᚷᚢᛞ (ɢuᴅ) (Old Norse)
- guþ (Old Swedish)
  - gud (Swedish)
ᚷᚢᚦ (ɢuþ) (Old Norse)
- guð (Elfdalian)
- Gud, gudur (Faroese)
- gud, gu (Gutnish)
- goð, guð, Guð (Icelandic)
- gu, gud, Gu, Gud (Norwegian Nynorsk)
ᚷᚢᚦ (ɢuþ) (Old Norse)
- gud (Danish)
  - guuti (Greenlandic)
  - gud (Norwegian Bokmål)
ᚷᚢᚦ (ɢuþ) (Old Norse)
- guþ (Old Swedish)
  - gud (Swedish)
𐌲𐌿𐌸 (guþ) (Gothic)

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