*gumāną
Runic: ᚷᚢᛗᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈɣu.mɑː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 3
Meanings
to pay attention
Etymology
Kroonen assumes this is a stative verb created to an unattested adjective *gaumaz (‘attentive’), whence also *gaumaz (‘heed, attention’).
The zero-grade of the verb would be a secondary development.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gumō | – | – |
| 2nd singular | gumaisi | – | gumai |
| 3rd singular | gumaiþi | – | gumāþau |
| 1st dual | gumōs | – | – |
| 2nd dual | gumāþiz | – | gumāþiz |
| 1st plural | gumāmaz | – | – |
| 2nd plural | gumaiþ | – | gumaiþ |
| 3rd plural | gumānþi | – | gumānþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | gumāsai | – |
| 3rd singular | gumāþai | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | gumānþai | – |
| 2nd plural | gumānþai | – |
| 3rd plural | gumānþai | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | gumadǭ | gumadēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | gumadēz | gumadēdīz |
| 3rd singular | gumadē | gumadēdī |
| 1st dual | gumadēdū | gumadēdīw |
| 2nd dual | gumadēdudiz | gumadēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | gumadēdum | gumadēdīm |
| 2nd plural | gumadēdud | gumadēdīd |
| 3rd plural | gumadēdun | gumadēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| gumāną | gumāndz | gumadaz |
Descendants
-
*fragumēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- forgumian (Old English)
- fargumōn (Old Saxon)
-
*ubargumēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- ofergumian (Old English)
-
guma (Old Norse)
- guma (Icelandic)