*haisaz

Runic: ᚺᚨᛁᛊᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxɑi̯.sɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

hoarse

Etymology

Unknown. The forms in *-r- are difficult to explain; they may be from the addition of *-raz with metathesis (Kroonen, Orel) or conflation with *hairaz (Orel). Kroonen speculatively connects it with Albanian kirrem (‘to become hoarse’), for Proto-Indo-European *keys-, *kis-r-, but adds that the Germanic words may all derive from *hissōną (‘to hiss’), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Compare *hwistlōną (‘to whistle’) for a similar (but formally unrelated) onomatopoeic root.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	haisaz	haisō	haisą, -atō	haisai	haisôz	haisō
Acc.	haisanǭ	haisǭ	haisą, -atō	haisanz	haisōz	haisō
Gen.	haisas, -is	haisaizōz	haisas, -is	haisaizǫ̂	haisaizǫ̂	haisaizǫ̂
Dat.	haisammai	haisaizōi	haisammai	haisaimaz	haisaimaz	haisaimaz
Inst.	haisanō	haisaizō	haisanō	haisaimiz	haisaimiz	haisaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	haisô	haisǭ	haisô	haisaniz	haisōniz	haisōnō
Acc.	haisanų	haisōnų	haisô	haisanunz	haisōnunz	haisōnō
Gen.	haisiniz	haisōniz	haisiniz	haisanǫ̂	haisōnǫ̂	haisanǫ̂
Dat.	haisini	haisōni	haisini	haisammaz	haisōmaz	haisammaz
Inst.	haisinē	haisōnē	haisinē	haisammiz	haisōmiz	haisammiz

Find a form

Descendants

hās (Old English)
- hos, hose, hoos, hoose, hoce, hase, haase, hayse, hors, horse, hoorse (Middle English)
  - hoarse (English)
  - hairse, hairsh, haise (Scots)
*hārs (Old English)
- hos, hose, hoos, hoose, hoce, hase, haase, hayse, hors, horse, hoorse (Middle English)
  - hoarse (English)
  - hairse, hairsh, haise (Scots)
*hās (Old Frisian)
- heas (West Frisian)
hēs (Old Dutch)
- hêes, heis, *hêers (Middle Dutch)
  - hêesc, hêesch, hêersch (Middle Dutch)
    - hees (Dutch)
      - hees (Afrikaans)
heis (Old Dutch)
- hêes, heis, *hêers (Middle Dutch)
  - hêesc, hêesch, hêersch (Middle Dutch)
    - hees (Dutch)
      - hees (Afrikaans)
*hērs (Old Dutch)
- hêes, heis, *hêers (Middle Dutch)
  - hêesc, hêesch, hêersch (Middle Dutch)
    - hees (Dutch)
      - hees (Afrikaans)
hēs (Old Saxon)
- hēes, heis (Middle Low German)
  - hēsch, heisch (Middle Low German)
    - heesch (Low German)
*heis (Old Saxon)
- hēes, heis (Middle Low German)
  - hēsch, heisch (Middle Low German)
    - heesch (Low German)
heis (Old High German)
- heis, heiser, heisch, heischer (Middle High German)
  - heiser, heisch (German)
  - hees (Luxembourgish)
heis (Old High German)
- heisi (Old High German)
  - heise (Middle High German)
heisar (Old High German)
- heis, heiser, heisch, heischer (Middle High German)
  - heiser, heisch (German)
  - hees (Luxembourgish)
heisar (Old High German)
- heisi (Old High German)
  - heise (Middle High German)
háss (Old Norse)
- įes (Elfdalian)
- hásur (Faroese)
- hás (Icelandic)
- hás (Jamtish)
háss (Old Norse)
- ? (Norwegian)
  - hes, hås (Norwegian Bokmål)
  - hås (Norwegian Nynorsk)
háss (Old Norse)
- hees (Old Danish)
  - hæs (Danish)
háss (Old Norse)
- hes (Old Swedish)
  - hes (Swedish)
heiss (Old Norse)
- įes (Elfdalian)
- hásur (Faroese)
- hás (Icelandic)
- hás (Jamtish)
heiss (Old Norse)
- ? (Norwegian)
  - hes, hås (Norwegian Bokmål)
  - hås (Norwegian Nynorsk)
heiss (Old Norse)
- hees (Old Danish)
  - hæs (Danish)
heiss (Old Norse)
- hes (Old Swedish)
  - hes (Swedish)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary