*halbaz

Runic: ᚺᚨᛚᛒᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxɑl.βɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

half

Etymology

Apparently from a pre-Germanic *kolp-ó-s, of unclear further origin. Possibly from a p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (‘to cut’) (through a sense “divided”), and cognate with Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp) (kḷp, ‘to manage, succeed, be fit’) (though Kroonen is skeptical due to the wide semantic gap), or from a stem *ḱol-bʰo-, and cognate with Lithuanian šali̇̀s (‘side, strip of land’). Alternatively, a recent theory suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *halpa, *halba- (‘cheap, reduced’) (compare Finnish halpa (‘cheap’), Estonian halb (‘bad’)), itself possibly from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (‘sallow, dirty’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	halbaz	halbō	halbą, -atō	halbai	halbôz	halbō
Acc.	halbanǭ	halbǭ	halbą, -atō	halbanz	halbōz	halbō
Gen.	halbas, -is	halbaizōz	halbas, -is	halbaizǫ̂	halbaizǫ̂	halbaizǫ̂
Dat.	halbammai	halbaizōi	halbammai	halbaimaz	halbaimaz	halbaimaz
Inst.	halbanō	halbaizō	halbanō	halbaimiz	halbaimiz	halbaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	halbô	halbǭ	halbô	halbaniz	halbōniz	halbōnō
Acc.	halbanų	halbōnų	halbô	halbanunz	halbōnunz	halbōnō
Gen.	halbiniz	halbōniz	halbiniz	halbanǫ̂	halbōnǫ̂	halbanǫ̂
Dat.	halbini	halbōni	halbini	halbammaz	halbōmaz	halbammaz
Inst.	halbinē	halbōnē	halbinē	halbammiz	halbōmiz	halbammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*halb (Proto-West Germanic)
- half (Old Dutch)
  - half (Middle Dutch)
    - half (Dutch)
      - half (Afrikaans)
*halb (Proto-West Germanic)
- healf, half, halb (Old English)
  - half (Middle English)
    - half (English)
    - hauf (Scots)
    - halleef, halef, halluf (Yola)
*halb (Proto-West Germanic)
- half (Old Frisian)
  - hoolf (Saterland Frisian)
  - heal (West Frisian)
*halb (Proto-West Germanic)
- halb, halp, half (Old High German)
  - halp, half (Middle High German)
    - hoib (Bavarian)
    - hallev (Central Franconian)
    - halp (Cimbrian)
    - halb (German)
    - האַלב (halb) (Yiddish)
*halb (Proto-West Germanic)
- half (Old Saxon)
  - half (Middle Low German)
    - half, halv (Low German)
    - haulf (Plautdietsch)
halfr (Old Norse)
- åv (Elfdalian)
- hálvur (Faroese)
- halvar (Gutnish)
- hálfur (Icelandic)
- halv, halv’u, hålv’e, håv’e, alv’e (Norwegian Nynorsk)
halfr (Old Norse)
- half (Old Danish)
  - halver (Scanian)
halfr (Old Norse)
- half (Old Danish)
  - halv (Danish)
    - halv (Norwegian Bokmål)
halfr (Old Norse)
- halve (Old Swedish)
  - halv (Swedish)
hálfr (Old Norse)
- åv (Elfdalian)
- hálvur (Faroese)
- halvar (Gutnish)
- hálfur (Icelandic)
- halv, halv’u, hålv’e, håv’e, alv’e (Norwegian Nynorsk)
hálfr (Old Norse)
- half (Old Danish)
  - halver (Scanian)
hálfr (Old Norse)
- half (Old Danish)
  - halv (Danish)
    - halv (Norwegian Bokmål)
hálfr (Old Norse)
- halve (Old Swedish)
  - halv (Swedish)
𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs) (Gothic)

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