*harmaz^²

Runic: ᚺᚨᚱᛗᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxɑr.mɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

painful; sorrowful; doleful
harmful; malicious; evil

Etymology

Traditionally derived Proto-Indo-European *pḱór-mo-s (‘shame, grief, torment, pain’), from *pḱer- (‘to have shame, distress over’). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sormъ (‘shame’), Persian شرم (šarm, ‘shame’), Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fšarəma) (fšarəma, ‘sense of shame’). Because of PIE root constraints and the fact that the only evidence for *p- comes from Avestan, an alternative etymology reconstructs the root as *ḱer(H)-.

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	harmaz	harmō	harmą, -atō	harmai	harmôz	harmō
Acc.	harmanǭ	harmǭ	harmą, -atō	harmanz	harmōz	harmō
Gen.	harmas, -is	harmaizōz	harmas, -is	harmaizǫ̂	harmaizǫ̂	harmaizǫ̂
Dat.	harmammai	harmaizōi	harmammai	harmaimaz	harmaimaz	harmaimaz
Inst.	harmanō	harmaizō	harmanō	harmaimiz	harmaimiz	harmaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	harmô	harmǭ	harmô	harmaniz	harmōniz	harmōnō
Acc.	harmanų	harmōnų	harmô	harmanunz	harmōnunz	harmōnō
Gen.	harminiz	harmōniz	harminiz	harmanǫ̂	harmōnǫ̂	harmanǫ̂
Dat.	harmini	harmōni	harmini	harmammaz	harmōmaz	harmammaz
Inst.	harminē	harmōnē	harminē	harmammiz	harmōmiz	harmammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*harm (Proto-West Germanic)
- hearm (Old English)
*harm (Proto-West Germanic)
- harm (Old Saxon)
  - *harm (Middle Low German)
  - harm (Norwegian Bokmål)
  - harm (Norwegian Nynorsk)
*harm (Proto-West Germanic)
- harm (Old Saxon)
  - harm (Old Danish)
    - harm (Danish)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary