*hneudaną

Runic: ᚺᚾᛖᚢᛞᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxneu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 2

Meanings

to hammer, to pound

Etymology

Compare *knudaną (‘to rivet, knead’), source of Old Norse hnoða (‘to rivet’). Also compared to Ancient Greek κνύθος (knúthos) (knúthos, ‘small thorn’), but Kroonen finds this semantically unconvincing.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	hneudō	hneudaų	–
2nd singular	hniudizi	hneudaiz	hneud
3rd singular	hniudidi	hneudai	hneudadau
1st dual	hneudōz	hneudaiw	–
2nd dual	hneudadiz	hneudaidiz	hneudadiz
1st plural	hneudamaz	hneudaim	–
2nd plural	hniudid	hneudaid	hniudid
3rd plural	hneudandi	hneudain	hneudandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hneudai	–
2nd singular	hneudazai	hneudaizau
3rd singular	hneudadai	hneudaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	hneudandai	hneudaindau
2nd plural	hneudandai	hneudaindau
3rd plural	hneudandai	hneudaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hnaud	hnudį̄
2nd singular	hnaust	hnudīz
3rd singular	hnaud	hnudī
1st dual	hnudū	hnudīw
2nd dual	hnududiz	hnudīdiz
1st plural	hnudum	hnudīm
2nd plural	hnudud	hnudīd
3rd plural	hnudun	hnudīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
hneudaną	hneudandz	hnudanaz

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Descendants

*hneudan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *niedan (Old Dutch)
  - nieden (Middle Dutch)
*hneudan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hniotan, *niotan (Old High German)
  - bihniotan (Old High German)
*hneudan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hniotan, *niotan (Old High German)
  - nieten (Middle High German)
    - nieten (German)
      - nitte (Danish)
*hneudan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hniotan, *niotan (Old High German)
  - nieten (Middle High German)
    - nieten (German)
      - nita (Swedish)
        
        niitata (Finnish)
*hneudan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hniodan (Old Saxon)
  - nêden (Middle Low German)
hnjóða (Old Norse)
- hnjóða (Icelandic)

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