*hneusaną

Runic: ᚺᚾᛖᚢᛊᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxneu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 2

Meanings

to sneeze

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pnew-, but presumably interpreted as onomatopoeic judging from the variety in the initial consonants. Forms with initial h- may show interference from Proto-Indo-European *(s)knus- (‘to sneeze’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	hneusō	hneusaų	–
2nd singular	hniusizi	hneusaiz	hneus
3rd singular	hniusidi	hneusai	hneusadau
1st dual	hneusōz	hneusaiw	–
2nd dual	hneusadiz	hneusaidiz	hneusadiz
1st plural	hneusamaz	hneusaim	–
2nd plural	hniusid	hneusaid	hniusid
3rd plural	hneusandi	hneusain	hneusandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hneusai	–
2nd singular	hneusazai	hneusaizau
3rd singular	hneusadai	hneusaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	hneusandai	hneusaindau
2nd plural	hneusandai	hneusaindau
3rd plural	hneusandai	hneusaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hnaus	hnuzį̄
2nd singular	hnaust	hnuzīz
3rd singular	hnaus	hnuzī
1st dual	hnuzū	hnuzīw
2nd dual	hnuzudiz	hnuzīdiz
1st plural	hnuzum	hnuzīm
2nd plural	hnuzud	hnuzīd
3rd plural	hnuzun	hnuzīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
hneusaną	hneusandz	hnuzanaz

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Descendants

*hneusan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *niesan (Old Dutch)
  - niesen (Middle Dutch)
    - niezen (Dutch)
      - nies (Afrikaans)
*hneusan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hnēosan (Old English)
  - nesen (Middle English)
    - neeze (English)
    - nese, neese (Scots)
*hneusan (Proto-West Germanic)
- niosan (Old High German)
  - niesen (Middle High German)
    - niesen (German)
    - ניסן (nisn) (Yiddish)
*hneusan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hniosan (Old Saxon)
  - nēsen, neisen (Middle Low German)
hnjósa (Old Norse)
- nyse (Danish)
- njósa (Faroese)
- hnjósa (Icelandic)
- nyse (Norwegian Bokmål)
- nyse (Norwegian Nynorsk)
hnjósa (Old Norse)
- niūsa (Old Swedish)
  - nysa, njusa (Swedish)

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