*hnīwaną

Runic: ᚺᚾᛁᚹᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxniː.wɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 1

Meanings

to bow

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (‘to bend, to droop’). Perhaps cognate with Latin coniveo (‘to close up the eyes; to connive, turn a blind eye’) due to matching phonetics, but the semantic gap is wide.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	hnīwō	hnīwaų	–
2nd singular	hnīwizi	hnīwaiz	hnīw
3rd singular	hnīwidi	hnīwai	hnīwadau
1st dual	hnīwōz	hnīwaiw	–
2nd dual	hnīwadiz	hnīwaidiz	hnīwadiz
1st plural	hnīwamaz	hnīwaim	–
2nd plural	hnīwid	hnīwaid	hnīwid
3rd plural	hnīwandi	hnīwain	hnīwandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hnīwai	–
2nd singular	hnīwazai	hnīwaizau
3rd singular	hnīwadai	hnīwaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	hnīwandai	hnīwaindau
2nd plural	hnīwandai	hnīwaindau
3rd plural	hnīwandai	hnīwaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hnaiw	hniwį̄
2nd singular	hnaiwt	hniwīz
3rd singular	hnaiw	hniwī
1st dual	hnigū	hniwīw
2nd dual	hnigudiz	hniwīdiz
1st plural	hnigum	hniwīm
2nd plural	hnigud	hniwīd
3rd plural	hnigun	hniwīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
hnīwaną	hnīwandz	hniwanaz

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Descendants

*hnīgan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hnīgan (Old English)
- hnīga (Old Frisian)
*hnīgan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *nīgan (Old Dutch)
  - nigen (Middle Dutch)
    - niege (Limburgish)
*hnīgan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *nīgan (Old Dutch)
  - nigen (Middle Dutch)
    - nijgen (Dutch)
      - nyg (Afrikaans)
*hnīgan (Proto-West Germanic)
- nīgan (Old High German)
  - nīgen (Middle High German)
    - neigen (German)
*hnīgan (Proto-West Germanic)
- hnīgan (Old Saxon)
  - nîgen (Middle Low German)
? (Proto-Norse)
- hníga (Old Norse)
  - níga (Faroese)
  - hníga (Icelandic)
  - nige (Norwegian Bokmål)
? (Proto-Norse)
- hníga (Old Norse)
  - nīgha (Old Swedish)
    - niga (Swedish)
      - niiata (Finnish)
𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (hneiwan) (Gothic)

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