*hradaz

Runic: ᚺᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxrɑ.ðɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

quick, hasty

Etymology

Uncertain. Per Kroonen, most likely from Proto-Indo-European *kret- (‘to shake, move suddenly’), whence also the verbs *hurtoną and *hrattōną (‘to rush, tumble’); cognate with Old Irish crothaim (‘I shake’), Latvian kratît (‘to shake out’), Lithuanian kratýti (‘id.’), Latvian krist (‘to fall, drop, die’), Lithuanian kri̇̀sti (‘id.’), and Lithuanian kretė́ti (‘to tremble (with old age)’).

Formerly derived from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (compare Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō) (kradáō, ‘I swing, brandish’), Sanskrit कूर्दति (kūrdati, ‘(s/he) leaps’), Proto-Celtic *kerdeti (‘puts, lays; moves’)), but the root codas (PGmc *d ~ *þ versus PIE *d) do not match. Compare Proto-Germanic *herzô (‘hinge’) and Old High German scerdo (‘hinge’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	hradaz	hradō	hradą, -atō	hradai	hradôz	hradō
Acc.	hradanǭ	hradǭ	hradą, -atō	hradanz	hradōz	hradō
Gen.	hradas, -is	hradaizōz	hradas, -is	hradaizǫ̂	hradaizǫ̂	hradaizǫ̂
Dat.	hradammai	hradaizōi	hradammai	hradaimaz	hradaimaz	hradaimaz
Inst.	hradanō	hradaizō	hradanō	hradaimiz	hradaimiz	hradaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	hradô	hradǭ	hradô	hradaniz	hradōniz	hradōnō
Acc.	hradanų	hradōnų	hradô	hradanunz	hradōnunz	hradōnō
Gen.	hradiniz	hradōniz	hradiniz	hradanǫ̂	hradōnǫ̂	hradanǫ̂
Dat.	hradini	hradōni	hradini	hradammaz	hradōmaz	hradammaz
Inst.	hradinē	hradōnē	hradinē	hradammiz	hradōmiz	hradammiz

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Descendants

*hrad (Proto-West Germanic)
- hrat, hrad, rad (Old High German)
*hrad (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rath, *rad (Old Dutch)
  - rat (Middle Dutch)
    - rad (Dutch)
      - rats (Afrikaans)
*hrad (Proto-West Germanic)
- hræd, hræþ (Old English)
  - rad, radde, rade, red, ræd (Middle English)
    - redd, red (Scots)
*hraþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- hrat, hrad, rad (Old High German)
*hraþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- *rath, *rad (Old Dutch)
  - rat (Middle Dutch)
    - rad (Dutch)
      - rats (Afrikaans)
*hraþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- hræd, hræþ (Old English)
  - rad, radde, rade, red, ræd (Middle English)
    - redd, red (Scots)
hraðr (Old Norse)
- hraður (Icelandic)
- rad (Norwegian)
hraðr (Old Norse)
- radher (Old Swedish)
  - rad (Swedish)

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