*hringaz^¹

Runic: ᚺᚱᛁᚾᚷᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/

noun · masculine · a-stem

Meanings

ring, circle
curve

Etymology

From an earlier *hrengaz (compare the Proto-Finnic loanword *rëngas), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (‘ring, circle’), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (‘circle’). The root, which features both a plain stop and a voiced aspirate and thus violates traditional Proto-Indo-European phonotactics, was probably formed in the post-IE phase, and appears to be an extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (‘to turn, bend’).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	hringaz	hringōz, hringōs
Acc.	hringą	hringanz
Gen.	hringas, hringis	hringǫ̂
Dat.	hringai	hringamaz
Inst.	hringō	hringamiz
Voc.	hring	hringōz, hringōs

Find a form

Descendants

*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (Old French)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- rinc (Old Dutch)
  - rinc (Middle Dutch)
    - rink (Limburgish)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- rinc (Old Dutch)
  - rinc (Middle Dutch)
    - ring (Dutch)
      - ring (Afrikaans)
      - linga (Aukan)
      - ring (Indonesian)
      - rink, riṅ (Negerhollands)
      - renchi, ringtsje (Papiamentu)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring, ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ) (Old English)
  - ringa, renga (Medieval Latin)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring, ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ) (Old English)
  - ryng, rynge, ring (Middle English)
    - ring (English)
    - rhing, ring (Scots)
    - rhing, ring (Yola)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- renge, range (Old French)
  - renge, raunge (Middle English)
  - renge (Middle French)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- hring (Old Frisian)
  - Ring, Rink (North Frisian)
  - Ring (Saterland Frisian)
  - ring (West Frisian)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- ring, hring (Old High German)
  - rinc, ring (Middle High German)
    - Ring (German)
    - Rank (Luxembourgish)
    - רינג (ring) (Yiddish)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- ring, hring (Old High German)
  - rinc, ring (Middle High German)
    - rynek, rynk, ryňk (Old Czech)
      - rynek (Czech)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- ring, hring (Old High German)
  - rinc, ring (Middle High German)
    - rynek (Old Polish)
      - rynek (Silesian)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- ring, hring (Old High German)
  - rinc, ring (Middle High German)
    - rynek (Old Polish)
      - rynek (Polish)
        
        ры́нак (rýnak) (Belarusian)
        
        rënk (Kashubian)
        
        ры́нок (rýnok) (Russian)
        
        ри́нок (rýnok) (Ukrainian)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- hring (Old Saxon)
  - rink (Middle Low German)
    - Rinkj (Plautdietsch)
*hring (Proto-West Germanic)
- hring (Old Saxon)
  - rink (Middle Low German)
    - Ring, rinc, rink (Low German)
      - Ring (German Low German)
hringr (Old Norse)
- ringg (Elfdalian)
- ringur (Faroese)
- ringg (Gutnish)
- hringur (Icelandic)
- ring (Norn)
- ring (Norwegian Nynorsk)
hringr (Old Norse)
- ring (Old Danish)
  - ring (Danish)
    - ring (Norwegian Bokmål)
hringr (Old Norse)
- ringer (Old Swedish)
  - ring (Swedish)
*𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs) (Gothic)
- aringo, arringo (Italian)
  - aringa, arringa (Italian)
*𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs) (Gothic)
- aringo, arringo (Italian)
  - harangue (Old French)
    - harangue (English)
    - harangue (French)
    - harenga (Latin)
    - arengua (Occitan)
    - arenga (Portuguese)
    - arenga (Spanish)
*𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs) (Gothic)
- arengum (Medieval Latin)
  - arengo (Italian)
ringo (Crimean Gothic)
*rëngas (Proto-Finnic)

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