*hringijaną²
Runic: ᚺᚱᛁᚾᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxriŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to make (into) a ring
- to encircle
- to place a ring on
Etymology
From *hringaz (‘a ring, a circle’) + *-janą. Compare Proto-Slavic *krǫžiti.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hringijō | hringijaų | – |
| 2nd singular | hringīsi | hringijais | hringī |
| 3rd singular | hringīþi | hringijai | hringijaþau |
| 1st dual | hringijōs | hringijaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | hringijaþiz | hringijaiþiz | hringijaþiz |
| 1st plural | hringijamaz | hringijaim | – |
| 2nd plural | hringīþ | hringijaiþ | hringīþ |
| 3rd plural | hringijanþi | hringijain | hringijanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hringijai | – |
| 2nd singular | hringijasai | hringijaisau |
| 3rd singular | hringijaþai | hringijaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | hringijanþai | hringijainþau |
| 2nd plural | hringijanþai | hringijainþau |
| 3rd plural | hringijanþai | hringijainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hringidǭ | hringidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | hringidēz | hringidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | hringidē | hringidēdī |
| 1st dual | hringidēdū | hringidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | hringidēdudiz | hringidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | hringidēdum | hringidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | hringidēdud | hringidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | hringidēdun | hringidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| hringijaną | hringijandz | hringidaz |
Descendants
-
*hringijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*ringen (Old Dutch)
-
ringen, ringhen (Middle Dutch)
- ringen (Dutch)
-
ringen, ringhen (Middle Dutch)
-
*ringen (Old Dutch)
-
*hringijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*hrinġan (Old English)
-
ringen (Middle English)
- ring (English)
-
ringen (Middle English)
-
*hrinġan (Old English)
-
*hringijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
ringen (Old High German)
- ringen (Middle High German)
-
ringen (Old High German)
-
*hringijan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*hringian (Old Saxon)
- ringen (Middle Low German)
-
*hringian (Old Saxon)
-
hringja (Old Norse)
- ringja (Faroese)
- hringja (Icelandic)
- ringa (Swedish)
-
hringja (Old Norse)
-
? (Norwegian)
- ringe (Norwegian Bokmål)
- ringe, ringa (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
? (Norwegian)