*hrugjaz

Runic: ᚺᚱᚢᚷᛃᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈxruɣ.jɑz/

noun · masculine · ja-stem

Meanings

back
spine
ridge

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Appears to stem from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk- (‘heap, hill; back, spine?’), with potential cognates listed at Latin crux (‘cross (frame, symbol)’), though this is highly speculative. Whether the hypothetical root is a derivative of *(s)ker- (‘to turn, bend’) is far from clear.

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	hrugjaz	hrugjōz, hrugjōs
Acc.	hrugją	hrugjanz
Gen.	hrugjas, hrugis	hrugjǫ̂
Dat.	hrugjai	hrugjamaz
Inst.	hrugjō	hrugjamiz
Voc.	hrugi	hrugjōz, hrugjōs

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Descendants

*hrugi (Proto-West Germanic)
- ruggi (Old Dutch)
  - rugge (Middle Dutch)
    - rögk (Limburgish)
    - rik, rugge (West Flemish)
*hrugi (Proto-West Germanic)
- ruggi (Old Dutch)
  - rugge (Middle Dutch)
    - rug (Dutch)
      - rug (Afrikaans)
      - rœx (Jersey Dutch)
      - rugge, rigi, rege (Negerhollands)
*hrugi (Proto-West Germanic)
- hryċġ, hriċġ, hrig, hryc, hryg (Old English)
  - rig, rigge, rug, ryg, rygge (Middle English)
    - ridge, rig (English)
    - rig (Scots)
*hrugi (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hregg, hreg (Old Frisian)
  - reg (North Frisian)
  - Rääch (Saterland Frisian)
  - rêch (West Frisian)
*hrugi (Proto-West Germanic)
- rucki, ruggi, hruggi (Old High German)
  - rücke (Middle High German)
*hrugi (Proto-West Germanic)
- hruggi (Old Saxon)
  - rügge (Middle Low German)
    - Rügge, Rügg (German Low German)
    - Rigjen (Plautdietsch)
hryggr (Old Norse)
- rygg (Elfdalian)
- ryggur (Faroese)
- rygg (Gutnish)
- hryggur (Icelandic)
- rygg (Jamtish)
- rygg (Norn)
- rygg (Norwegian)
hryggr (Old Norse)
- ryg (Old Danish)
  - ryg (Danish)
hryggr (Old Norse)
- rygger (Old Swedish)
  - rygg (Swedish)

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