*hugjaną
Runic: ᚺᚢᚷᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxuɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 3
Meanings
to think, consider
Etymology
Uncertain. Synchronically analyzable as *hugiz (‘understanding, mind’) + *-janą (‘denominative suffix’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hugjō | hugjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | hugaisi | hugjais | hugai |
| 3rd singular | hugaiþi | hugjai | hugjaþau |
| 1st dual | hugjōs | hugjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | hugjaþiz | hugjaiþiz | hugjaþiz |
| 1st plural | hugjamaz | hugjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | hugaiþ | hugjaiþ | hugaiþ |
| 3rd plural | hugjanþi | hugjain | hugjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | – | – |
| 3rd singular | – | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | – | – |
| 2nd plural | – | – |
| 3rd plural | – | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hugdǭ | hugdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | hugdēz | hugdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | hugdē | hugdēdī |
| 1st dual | hugdēdū | hugdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | hugdēdudiz | hugdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | hugdēdum | hugdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | hugdēdud | hugdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | hugdēdun | hugdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| hugjaną | hugjandz | hugdaz |
Descendants
-
*huggjan (Proto-West Germanic)
- bihuggen, gihuggen (Old High German)
-
*huggjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*huggen (Old Dutch)
-
hōgen, huegen (Middle Dutch)
- heugen (Dutch)
-
hōgen, huegen (Middle Dutch)
-
*huggen (Old Dutch)
-
*huggjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
hyċġan (Old English)
-
huyen, hoyen (Middle English)
- huik (Scots)
-
huyen, hoyen (Middle English)
-
hyċġan (Old English)
-
*huggjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
huggian (Old Saxon)
-
hugen, hogen, hügen, hȫgen (Middle Low German)
- högen (Low German)
-
hugen, hogen, hügen, hȫgen (Middle Low German)
-
huggian (Old Saxon)
-
hyggja (Old Norse)
- hyggja (Faroese)
- hyggja (Icelandic)
- hyggja, hygga (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
hyggja (Old Norse)
-
hyggæ (Old Danish)
-
hygge (Danish)
- hygge (Norwegian Bokmål)
-
hygge (Danish)
-
hyggæ (Old Danish)
-
hyggja (Old Norse)
-
hyggia (Old Swedish)
- hygga (Swedish)
-
hyggia (Old Swedish)
- 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hugjan) (Gothic)