*hwerbaną

Runic: ᚺᚹᛖᚱᛒᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxʷer.βɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 3

Meanings

to turn; turn around
to move; move about
to change

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp-, in which case the original form would have been *hwerfaną. If so, then it might be related to Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós) (karpós, ‘wrist’), though deriving the latter from a root with initial labiovelar presents difficulties.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	hwerbō	hwerbaų	–
2nd singular	hwirbizi	hwerbaiz	hwerb
3rd singular	hwirbidi	hwerbai	hwerbadau
1st dual	hwerbōz	hwerbaiw	–
2nd dual	hwerbadiz	hwerbaidiz	hwerbadiz
1st plural	hwerbamaz	hwerbaim	–
2nd plural	hwirbid	hwerbaid	hwirbid
3rd plural	hwerbandi	hwerbain	hwerbandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hwerbai	–
2nd singular	hwerbazai	hwerbaizau
3rd singular	hwerbadai	hwerbaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	hwerbandai	hwerbaindau
2nd plural	hwerbandai	hwerbaindau
3rd plural	hwerbandai	hwerbaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hwarb	hurbį̄
2nd singular	hwarft	hurbīz
3rd singular	hwarb	hurbī
1st dual	hurbū	hurbīw
2nd dual	hurbudiz	hurbīdiz
1st plural	hurbum	hurbīm
2nd plural	hurbud	hurbīd
3rd plural	hurbun	hurbīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
hwerbaną	hwerbandz	hurbanaz

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Descendants

*hwerban (Proto-West Germanic)
- hwerva (Old Frisian)
*hwerban (Proto-West Germanic)
- *wervan (Old Dutch)
  - werven (Middle Dutch)
    - werven (Dutch)
    - wèrve (Limburgish)
*hwerban (Proto-West Germanic)
- hweorfan (Old English)
  - wherven, wharven (Middle English)
    - wharve, wherve (English)
*hwerban (Proto-West Germanic)
- hwerban, werban (Old High German)
  - werben, werven (Middle High German)
    - werben (German)
      - werbować (Polish)
        
        вербава́ць (vjerbavácʹ) (Belarusian)
        
        вербова́ть (verbovátʹ) (Russian)
        
        вербува́ти (verbuváty) (Ukrainian)
*hwerban (Proto-West Germanic)
- hwervan, hwerban (Old Saxon)
  - warven, warben (Middle Low German)
hverfa (Old Norse)
- hverre (Danish)
- hvørva (Faroese)
- hverfa (Icelandic)
- kverve (Norwegian)
hverfa (Old Norse)
- hværva (Old Swedish)
  - värva (Swedish)
𐍈𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (ƕairban) (Gothic)

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