*hwistlōną
Runic: ᚺᚹᛁᛊᛏᛚᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxʷist.lɔː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 2
Meanings
to whistle, hiss
Etymology
Traditionally derived from a Proto-Germanic root *hwis- (‘to hiss’), from a Proto-Indo-European *ḱweys-, *ḱwey- (‘to hiss, whistle, whisper’), and compared with *hwīnaną (‘to whiz, whine’), Latin quiritō (‘scream, screech, shriek, squall’). However, it appears more likely that *hwis- and its derivatives are onomatopoeic innovations within Germanic. Note similarities to Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (‘to puff, sigh’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hwistlō | hwistlǭ | – |
| 2nd singular | hwistlōsi | hwistlōs | hwistlō |
| 3rd singular | hwistlōþi | hwistlō | hwistlōþau |
| 1st dual | hwistlōs | hwistlōw | – |
| 2nd dual | hwistlōþiz | hwistlōþiz | hwistlōþiz |
| 1st plural | hwistlōmaz | hwistlōm | – |
| 2nd plural | hwistlōþ | hwistlōþ | hwistlōþ |
| 3rd plural | hwistlōnþi | hwistlōn | hwistlōnþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hwistlōi | – |
| 2nd singular | hwistlōsai | hwistlōsau |
| 3rd singular | hwistlōþai | hwistlōþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | hwistlōnþai | hwistlōnþau |
| 2nd plural | hwistlōnþai | hwistlōnþau |
| 3rd plural | hwistlōnþai | hwistlōnþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | hwistlōdǭ | hwistlōdēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | hwistlōdēz | hwistlōdēdīz |
| 3rd singular | hwistlōdē | hwistlōdēdī |
| 1st dual | hwistlōdēdū | hwistlōdēdīw |
| 2nd dual | hwistlōdēdudiz | hwistlōdēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | hwistlōdēdum | hwistlōdēdīm |
| 2nd plural | hwistlōdēdud | hwistlōdēdīd |
| 3rd plural | hwistlōdēdun | hwistlōdēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| hwistlōną | hwistlōndz | hwistlōdaz |
Descendants
-
hwistlian (Old English)
-
whistlen (Middle English)
- whistle (English)
- whistle (Scots)
-
whistlen (Middle English)
-
*wistalon (Old Dutch)
-
*wistelen (Middle Dutch)
- wistelen (Dutch)
-
*wistelen (Middle Dutch)
-
hvísla (Old Norse)
- wissla (Elfdalian)
- hvísla (Icelandic)
- hvisle (Norwegian)
- hvysla (Scanian)
-
hvísla (Old Norse)
-
hwīslæ (Old Danish)
- hvisle (Danish)
-
hwīslæ (Old Danish)
-
hvísla (Old Norse)
-
hvīsla, hvizsla (Old Swedish)
- vissla (Swedish)
-
hvīsla, hvizsla (Old Swedish)