*hwōstōną

Runic: ᚺᚹᛟᛊᛏᛟᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈxʷɔːs.tɔː.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 2

Meanings

to cough

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (‘to cough’), equivalent to *hwōstô (‘cough’) + *-ōną. Cognate with Lithuanian kṓsēti (‘to cough’), Russian ка́шлять (kášljatʹ, ‘to cough’), Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate) (kā́sate).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	hwōstō	hwōstǭ	–
2nd singular	hwōstōsi	hwōstōs	hwōstō
3rd singular	hwōstōþi	hwōstō	hwōstōþau
1st dual	hwōstōs	hwōstōw	–
2nd dual	hwōstōþiz	hwōstōþiz	hwōstōþiz
1st plural	hwōstōmaz	hwōstōm	–
2nd plural	hwōstōþ	hwōstōþ	hwōstōþ
3rd plural	hwōstōnþi	hwōstōn	hwōstōnþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hwōstōi	–
2nd singular	hwōstōsai	hwōstōsau
3rd singular	hwōstōþai	hwōstōþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	hwōstōnþai	hwōstōnþau
2nd plural	hwōstōnþai	hwōstōnþau
3rd plural	hwōstōnþai	hwōstōnþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	hwōstōdǭ	hwōstōdēdį̄
2nd singular	hwōstōdēz	hwōstōdēdīz
3rd singular	hwōstōdē	hwōstōdēdī
1st dual	hwōstōdēdū	hwōstōdēdīw
2nd dual	hwōstōdēdudiz	hwōstōdēdīdiz
1st plural	hwōstōdēdum	hwōstōdēdīm
2nd plural	hwōstōdēdud	hwōstōdēdīd
3rd plural	hwōstōdēdun	hwōstōdēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
hwōstōną	hwōstōndz	hwōstōdaz

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Descendants

*hwōstōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *huoston (Old Dutch)
  - hoesten (Middle Dutch)
    - hoesten (Dutch)
      - hoes (Afrikaans)
*hwōstōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hwōstian, hwōstan, *hwēstan, *hwōstijaną (Old English)
  - hōsten, hwēsten (Middle English)
    - whoost, hoost (English)
    - whost, whust (Scots)
*hwōstōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hwōstia, *hōstia (Old Frisian)
  - hoostje (Saterland Frisian)
  - hoastje (West Frisian)
*hwōstōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- huostōn (Old High German)
  - huosten (Middle High German)
    - huasdn (Bavarian)
    - houschten (Luxembourgish)
*hwōstōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- *hwōstōn, *hōstōn (Old Saxon)
  - hôsten (Middle Low German)
    - hoosten (German Low German)
    - hosten (Low German)
hósta (Old Norse)
- ųosta (Elfdalian)
- hosta (Faroese)
- hokste (Gutnish)
- hósta (Icelandic)
- hosta (Norwegian Nynorsk)
hósta (Old Norse)
- *hosten (Middle English)
  - hoast (English)
  - host, hoist (Scots)
hósta (Old Norse)
- hōstæ (Old Danish)
  - hoste (Danish)
    - hoste (Norwegian Bokmål)
hósta (Old Norse)
- hōsta (Old Swedish)
  - hosta (Swedish)

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