*kaldāną
Runic: ᚲᚨᛚᛞᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈkɑl.dɑː.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 3
Meanings
to become cold
Etymology
From *kaldaz (‘cold’) + *-āną.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | kaldō | – | – |
| 2nd singular | kaldaisi | – | kaldai |
| 3rd singular | kaldaiþi | – | kaldāþau |
| 1st dual | kaldōs | – | – |
| 2nd dual | kaldāþiz | – | kaldāþiz |
| 1st plural | kaldāmaz | – | – |
| 2nd plural | kaldaiþ | – | kaldaiþ |
| 3rd plural | kaldānþi | – | kaldānþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | – | – |
| 2nd singular | kaldāsai | – |
| 3rd singular | kaldāþai | – |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | kaldānþai | – |
| 2nd plural | kaldānþai | – |
| 3rd plural | kaldānþai | – |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | kaldadǭ | kaldadēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | kaldadēz | kaldadēdīz |
| 3rd singular | kaldadē | kaldadēdī |
| 1st dual | kaldadēdū | kaldadēdīw |
| 2nd dual | kaldadēdudiz | kaldadēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | kaldadēdum | kaldadēdīm |
| 2nd plural | kaldadēdud | kaldadēdīd |
| 3rd plural | kaldadēdun | kaldadēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| kaldāną | kaldāndz | kaldadaz |
Descendants
-
*kaldēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*kaldon (Old Dutch)
-
couden (Middle Dutch)
- kouden, kouwen (Dutch)
-
couden (Middle Dutch)
-
*kaldon (Old Dutch)
-
*kaldēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
cealdian, *caldian (Old English)
-
colden, calden, chelden, kelden (Middle English)
- coale (Yola)
-
colden, calden, chelden, kelden (Middle English)
-
cealdian, *caldian (Old English)
-
*kaldēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
kaltēn (Old High German)
- kalten (Middle High German)
-
kaltēn (Old High German)
-
*kaldēn (Proto-West Germanic)
-
kaldōn (Old Saxon)
- kolden (Middle Low German)
-
kaldōn (Old Saxon)
-
kalda (Old Norse)
- kalda (Icelandic)