*karjaną
Runic: ᚲᚨᚱᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈkɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
- to scratch, scrape
- to sweep
Etymology
Mayrhofer appears to derive the root from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (‘to force, drive’); see Sanskrit जू (jū) (jū, ‘to press forward’) for more.
Other theories connect the verb to Proto-Indo-European *ger- (‘to scrape’) or Proto-Indo-European *gew- (‘to turn, bend’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | karjō | karjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | karisi | karjais | kari |
| 3rd singular | kariþi | karjai | karjaþau |
| 1st dual | karjōs | karjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | karjaþiz | karjaiþiz | karjaþiz |
| 1st plural | karjamaz | karjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | kariþ | karjaiþ | kariþ |
| 3rd plural | karjanþi | karjain | karjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | karjai | – |
| 2nd singular | karjasai | karjaisau |
| 3rd singular | karjaþai | karjaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | karjanþai | karjainþau |
| 2nd plural | karjanþai | karjainþau |
| 3rd plural | karjanþai | karjainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | karidǭ | karidēdį̄ |
| 2nd singular | karidēz | karidēdīz |
| 3rd singular | karidē | karidēdī |
| 1st dual | karidēdū | karidēdīw |
| 2nd dual | karidēdudiz | karidēdīdiz |
| 1st plural | karidēdum | karidēdīm |
| 2nd plural | karidēdud | karidēdīd |
| 3rd plural | karidēdun | karidēdīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| karjaną | karjandz | karidaz |
Descendants
-
kerian (Old Saxon)
-
kēren (Middle Low German)
- keren, ankeren (Low German)
-
kēren (Middle Low German)
-
keren (Old Saxon)
-
kēren (Middle Low German)
- keren, ankeren (Low German)
-
kēren (Middle Low German)
-
*keren (Old Dutch)
-
kēren (Middle Dutch)
- keren (Dutch)
- kaere (Limburgish)
-
kēren (Middle Dutch)
-
*kerren (Old Dutch)
-
kēren (Middle Dutch)
- keren (Dutch)
- kaere (Limburgish)
-
kēren (Middle Dutch)
-
kerien (Old High German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)
- khéeran (Cimbrian)
- kehren (German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)
-
kerren (Old High German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)
- khéeran (Cimbrian)
- kehren (German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)
-
cherjen (Old High German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)
- khéeran (Cimbrian)
- kehren (German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)
-
cherren (Old High German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)
- khéeran (Cimbrian)
- kehren (German)
-
keren, kern (Middle High German)