*klawjaną
Runic: ᚲᛚᚨᚹᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈklɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Weak class 1
Meanings
to claw or scratch
Etymology
No certain cognates outside of Germanic. Some take the root to be from a base *gel- (‘to make round, clench’).
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | klawjō | klawjaų | – |
| 2nd singular | klawisi | klawjais | klawi |
| 3rd singular | klawiþi | klawjai | klawjaþau |
| 1st dual | klawjōs | klawjaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | klawjaþiz | klawjaiþiz | klawjaþiz |
| 1st plural | klawjamaz | klawjaim | – |
| 2nd plural | klawiþ | klawjaiþ | klawiþ |
| 3rd plural | klawjanþi | klawjain | klawjanþau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | klawjai | – |
| 2nd singular | klawjasai | klawjaisau |
| 3rd singular | klawjaþai | klawjaiþau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | klawjanþai | klawjainþau |
| 2nd plural | klawjanþai | klawjainþau |
| 3rd plural | klawjanþai | klawjainþau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | klōw | klōwį̄ |
| 2nd singular | klōwt | klōwīz |
| 3rd singular | klōw | klōwī |
| 1st dual | klōwū | klōwīw |
| 2nd dual | klōwudiz | klōwīdiz |
| 1st plural | klōwum | klōwīm |
| 2nd plural | klōwud | klōwīd |
| 3rd plural | klōwun | klōwīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| klawjaną | klawjandz | klawanaz |
Descendants
-
*klauwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*clōien, *clouen (Old Dutch)
-
clôyen, clooien, clouwen (Middle Dutch)
- klooien, klauwen (Dutch)
-
clôyen, clooien, clouwen (Middle Dutch)
-
*clōien, *clouen (Old Dutch)
-
*klauwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
clawan, clāwan, *clīeġan (Old English)
-
clawen, cleen (Middle English)
- claw (English)
- claw (Scots)
-
clawen, cleen (Middle English)
-
clawan, clāwan, *clīeġan (Old English)
-
*klauwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
klawjan (Old High German)
-
kleuen, klæwen (Middle High German)
- kläuen, klauen (German)
-
kleuen, klæwen (Middle High German)
-
klawjan (Old High German)
-
*klauwjan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
*klawian, *klōian (Old Saxon)
-
klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen (Middle Low German)
- klauen (German Low German)
-
klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen (Middle Low German)
-
*klawian, *klōian (Old Saxon)
-
klá (Old Norse)
- kláa (Faroese)
- klá (Icelandic)
- klø (Norwegian Bokmål)
- klå (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
klá (Old Norse)
-
klā (Old Swedish)
- klå (Swedish)
-
klā (Old Swedish)
-
kleyja (Old Norse)
- kláa (Faroese)
- klá (Icelandic)
- klø (Norwegian Bokmål)
- klå (Norwegian Nynorsk)
-
kleyja (Old Norse)
-
klā (Old Swedish)
- klå (Swedish)
-
klā (Old Swedish)
- *kalvadak (Proto-Finnic)