*knēaną
Runic: ᚲᚾᛖᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈknɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/verb · Strong class 7d
Meanings
to know, recognise, understand
Etymology
Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (‘to know’), the same root as *kunnaną, but the exact mode of derivation is unclear. It may reflect a back-formation from an older *knō-, which could be an original perfective or stative formation.
Conjugation
Present active
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | knēō | knēaų | – |
| 2nd singular | knēizi | knēaiz | knē |
| 3rd singular | knēidi | knēai | knēadau |
| 1st dual | knēōz | knēaiw | – |
| 2nd dual | knēadiz | knēaidiz | knēadiz |
| 1st plural | knēamaz | knēaim | – |
| 2nd plural | knēid | knēaid | knēid |
| 3rd plural | knēandi | knēain | knēandau |
Present passive
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | knēai | – |
| 2nd singular | knēazai | knēaizau |
| 3rd singular | knēadai | knēaidau |
| 1st dual | – | – |
| 2nd dual | – | – |
| 1st plural | knēandai | knēaindau |
| 2nd plural | knēandai | knēaindau |
| 3rd plural | knēandai | knēaindau |
Past
| Person | Indicative | Subjunctive |
|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | keknō | keknōį̄ |
| 2nd singular | keknōt | keknōīz |
| 3rd singular | keknō | keknōī |
| 1st dual | keknōū | keknōīw |
| 2nd dual | keknōudiz | keknōīdiz |
| 1st plural | keknōum | keknōīm |
| 2nd plural | keknōud | keknōīd |
| 3rd plural | keknōun | keknōīn |
Non-finite Forms
| Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|
| knēaną | knēandz | knēanaz |
Descendants
-
*knāan (Proto-West Germanic)
- knājan, knāen, knāan, chnāan, chnāhan (Old High German)
- knāian (Old Saxon)
-
*knāan (Proto-West Germanic)
-
cnāwan (Old English)
-
knawen, knowen (Middle English)
- know (English)
- knaw (Scots)
- knou, knouwe (Yola)
-
knawen, knowen (Middle English)
-
cnāwan (Old English)
-
kná (Old Norse)
- knega (Icelandic)