*krafjaną

Runic: ᚲᚱᚨᚠᛃᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈkrɑɸ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Weak class 1

Meanings

to demand

Etymology

Related to *kraftuz (‘force, strength’), of unknown origin. Possibly related to Umbrian Grabovio, *Grabo-, an Italic god of rocks and oak trees described in the Iguvine Tablets (see Ancient Greek γράβιον (grábion) (grábion, ‘torch, brand’)). Pokorny suggests a connection to Albanian kërrabë and Proto-West Germanic *krappō (‘hook’), from Proto-Indo-European *grep- (‘a hook, force’), extended form of *ger- (‘to turn, wind’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	krafjō	krafjaų	–
2nd singular	krafisi	krafjais	krafi
3rd singular	krafiþi	krafjai	krafjaþau
1st dual	krafjōs	krafjaiw	–
2nd dual	krafjaþiz	krafjaiþiz	krafjaþiz
1st plural	krafjamaz	krafjaim	–
2nd plural	krafiþ	krafjaiþ	krafiþ
3rd plural	krafjanþi	krafjain	krafjanþau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	krafjai	–
2nd singular	krafjasai	krafjaisau
3rd singular	krafjaþai	krafjaiþau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	krafjanþai	krafjainþau
2nd plural	krafjanþai	krafjainþau
3rd plural	krafjanþai	krafjainþau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	krafidǭ	krafidēdį̄
2nd singular	krafidēz	krafidēdīz
3rd singular	krafidē	krafidēdī
1st dual	krafidēdū	krafidēdīw
2nd dual	krafidēdudiz	krafidēdīdiz
1st plural	krafidēdum	krafidēdīm
2nd plural	krafidēdud	krafidēdīd
3rd plural	krafidēdun	krafidēdīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
krafjaną	krafjandz	krafidaz

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Descendants

*krafōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- crafian, crafiġean, cræfian (Old English)
  - craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave (Middle English)
    - crave (English)
    - crave (Scots)
    - crave (Yola)
*krafēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- crafian, crafiġean, cræfian (Old English)
  - craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave (Middle English)
    - crave (English)
    - crave (Scots)
    - crave (Yola)
*krabōn (Proto-West Germanic)
- crafian, crafiġean, cræfian (Old English)
  - craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave (Middle English)
    - crave (English)
    - crave (Scots)
    - crave (Yola)
*krabēn (Proto-West Germanic)
- crafian, crafiġean, cræfian (Old English)
  - craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave (Middle English)
    - crave (English)
    - crave (Scots)
    - crave (Yola)
krefja (Old Norse)
- krevja (Faroese)
- krefja (Icelandic)
- krevja, krevje (Norwegian Nynorsk)
krefja (Old Norse)
- kræve (Danish)
  - kreve (Norwegian Bokmål)
krefja (Old Norse)
- kræfia, kræfiæ (Old Swedish)
  - kräva (Swedish)

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