*kreukaną

Runic: ᚲᚱᛖᚢᚲᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈkreu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 2

Meanings

to fold, wrinkle
to stoop, crawl

Etymology

According to Kroonen, the verb was associated by the Germanic tribes with the unrelated *kreupaną (‘to crawl’) from an early stage. He suggests that the root final -k arose from an earlier geminate -kk, which was adopted from the iterative verb *krukkōną. Related to Old Irish gruc (‘wrinkle’).

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	kreukō	kreukaų	–
2nd singular	kriukizi	kreukaiz	kreuk
3rd singular	kriukidi	kreukai	kreukadau
1st dual	kreukōz	kreukaiw	–
2nd dual	kreukadiz	kreukaidiz	kreukadiz
1st plural	kreukamaz	kreukaim	–
2nd plural	kriukid	kreukaid	kriukid
3rd plural	kreukandi	kreukain	kreukandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	kreukai	–
2nd singular	kreukazai	kreukaizau
3rd singular	kreukadai	kreukaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	kreukandai	kreukaindau
2nd plural	kreukandai	kreukaindau
3rd plural	kreukandai	kreukaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	krauk	krukį̄
2nd singular	krauht	krukīz
3rd singular	krauk	krukī
1st dual	krukū	krukīw
2nd dual	krukudiz	krukīdiz
1st plural	krukum	krukīm
2nd plural	krukud	krukīd
3rd plural	krukun	krukīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
kreukaną	kreukandz	krukanaz

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Descendants

*kreukan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *krūka (Old Frisian)
  - krûke (West Frisian)
*kreukan (Proto-West Germanic)
- kriohhan (Old High German)
  - kriechen (Middle High German)
    - kriechen (German)
*krjúka (Old Norse)
- ? (Norwegian)
  - krjuke (Norwegian Bokmål)
  - krjuke, krjuka (Norwegian Nynorsk)

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