*kreupaną

Runic: ᚲᚱᛖᚢᛈᚨᚾᚨ Pronunciation: /ˈkreu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

verb · Strong class 2

Meanings

to writhe, twist, wind
to creep, crawl

Etymology

According to Kroonen, the derivations containing -p(p)- and -b(b)- show that the root was originally Pre-Germanic *kreupp-, from Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ- (‘to crawl’), rather than the traditionally given *grewb-. He gives Lithuanian grubinė́ti (‘to stumble’) as a cognate.

Conjugation

Present active

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive	Imperative
1st singular	kreupō	kreupaų	–
2nd singular	kriupizi	kreupaiz	kreup
3rd singular	kriupidi	kreupai	kreupadau
1st dual	kreupōz	kreupaiw	–
2nd dual	kreupadiz	kreupaidiz	kreupadiz
1st plural	kreupamaz	kreupaim	–
2nd plural	kriupid	kreupaid	kriupid
3rd plural	kreupandi	kreupain	kreupandau

Present passive

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	kreupai	–
2nd singular	kreupazai	kreupaizau
3rd singular	kreupadai	kreupaidau
1st dual	–	–
2nd dual	–	–
1st plural	kreupandai	kreupaindau
2nd plural	kreupandai	kreupaindau
3rd plural	kreupandai	kreupaindau

Past

Person	Indicative	Subjunctive
1st singular	kraup	krupį̄
2nd singular	krauft	krupīz
3rd singular	kraup	krupī
1st dual	krupū	krupīw
2nd dual	krupudiz	krupīdiz
1st plural	krupum	krupīm
2nd plural	krupud	krupīd
3rd plural	krupun	krupīn

Non-finite Forms

Infinitive	Present Participle	Past Participle
kreupaną	kreupandz	krupanaz

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Descendants

*kreupan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *crūpan (Old Dutch)
  - crupen (Middle Dutch)
    - kroepe (Limburgish)
*kreupan (Proto-West Germanic)
- *crūpan (Old Dutch)
  - crupen (Middle Dutch)
    - kruipen (Dutch)
      - kruip (Afrikaans)
      - krup, kryb (Negerhollands)
*kreupan (Proto-West Germanic)
- crēopan (Old English)
  - crepen (Middle English)
    - creep (English)
    - crepe, creip (Scots)
*kreupan (Proto-West Germanic)
- krūpa, kriāpa, kriēpa, krēpa (Old Frisian)
  - krjope, kjoope (Saterland Frisian)
  - krippe, krûpe (West Frisian)
*kreupan (Proto-West Germanic)
- kriofan, *krūfan (Old High German)
  - kriefen, krūfen (Middle High German)
    - chrüpfen (Alemannic German)
    - kruffe (Central Franconian)
    - kraufen, krüpfen (German)
*kreupan (Proto-West Germanic)
- kriopan (Old Saxon)
  - krêpen, krûpen (Middle Low German)
    - krepen, krupen (German Low German)
krjúpa (Old Norse)
- kriuopa (Elfdalian)
- krúpa (Faroese)
- kräupe (Gutnish)
- krjúpa (Icelandic)
- krýba (Scanian)
- crùb (Scottish Gaelic)
krjúpa (Old Norse)
- ? (Norwegian)
  - krype (Norwegian Bokmål)
  - krype, krypa (Norwegian Nynorsk)
krjúpa (Old Norse)
- krȳpæ (Old Danish)
  - krybe (Danish)
krjúpa (Old Norse)
- krȳpa (Old Swedish)
  - krypa (Swedish)

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