*kwernō

Runic: ᚲᚹᛖᚱᚾᛟ Pronunciation: /ˈkʷer.nɔː/

noun · feminine · ō-stem

Meanings

millstone
handmill; quern

Etymology

From earlier *kwernuz, a rare feminine u-stem reanalysed as an ō-stem, in turn from Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (‘heavy stone’), from *gʷréh₂us (‘heavy’). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (‘grindstone, millstone’), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, ‘grindstone, millstone’), Old Irish bró (‘millstone, handmill’).

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
Nom.	kwernō	kwernôz
Acc.	kwernǭ	kwernōz
Gen.	kwernōz	kwernǫ̂
Dat.	kwernōi	kwernōmaz
Inst.	kwernō	kwernōmiz
Voc.	kwernō	kwernôz

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Descendants

cweorn (Old English)
- querne, quern, queerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, cwerne, qwhern, qweryn, whern (Middle English)
  - quern, kern, curn, quirn (English)
  - querne, quern, queirn, queern (Scots)
  - querne (Yola)
quern (Old Frisian)
- quern (North Frisian)
querna (Old Saxon)
- querne, quern (Middle Low German)
kwern (Old Saxon)
- querne, quern (Middle Low German)
quern (Old Saxon)
- querne, quern (Middle Low German)
*kwerna (Old Dutch)
- querne, queerne, quaerne (Middle Dutch)
  - kweern (Dutch)
chwirna (Old High German)
- churne, kürne, kurn, kürn (Middle High German)
kwirn (Old High German)
- churne, kürne, kurn, kürn (Middle High German)
quirn (Old High German)
- churne, kürne, kurn, kürn (Middle High German)
kurn (Old High German)
- churne, kürne, kurn, kürn (Middle High German)
churn (Old High German)
- churne, kürne, kurn, kürn (Middle High German)
kvern (Old Norse)
- kwenn (Elfdalian)
- kvørn (Faroese)
- kvänn (Gutnish)
- kvern, kvörn (Icelandic)
- kvæðn (Jamtish)
- kvern (Norwegian)
- kværn (Scanian)
kvern (Old Norse)
- kwærn (Old Danish)
  - kværn (Danish)
kvern (Old Norse)
- kværn, kvarn (Old Swedish)
  - kvarn (Swedish)
? (Proto-Samic)
- giertnas (Northern Sami)

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