*laiþaz

Runic: ᛚᚨᛁᚦᚨᛉ Pronunciation: /ˈlɑi̯.θɑz/

adjective · a-stem

Meanings

loath; loathsome; disgusting
unwilling; averse; reluctant
offensive; hostile; hateful
grievous; sweer; sad; sorry

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leytos (‘abhorrence, loath’), from *h₂leyt- (‘to do something hateful, abhorrent’). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *lissus (‘abhorrence’) (compare Old Irish lius, liuss (‘loathing, disgust’)), Ancient Greek ἀλιτρός (alitrós) (alitrós, ‘sinful, wicked’).

Declension

Strong declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	laiþaz	laiþō	laiþą, -atō	laiþai	laiþôz	laiþō
Acc.	laiþanǭ	laiþǭ	laiþą, -atō	laiþanz	laiþōz	laiþō
Gen.	laiþas, -is	laiþaizōz	laiþas, -is	laiþaizǫ̂	laiþaizǫ̂	laiþaizǫ̂
Dat.	laiþammai	laiþaizōi	laiþammai	laiþaimaz	laiþaimaz	laiþaimaz
Inst.	laiþanō	laiþaizō	laiþanō	laiþaimiz	laiþaimiz	laiþaimiz

Weak declension

Case	Sg. Masc.	Sg. Fem.	Sg. Neut.	Pl. Masc.	Pl. Fem.	Pl. Neut.
Nom.	laiþô	laiþǭ	laiþô	laiþaniz	laiþōniz	laiþōnō
Acc.	laiþanų	laiþōnų	laiþô	laiþanunz	laiþōnunz	laiþōnō
Gen.	laiþiniz	laiþōniz	laiþiniz	laiþanǫ̂	laiþōnǫ̂	laiþanǫ̂
Dat.	laiþini	laiþōni	laiþini	laiþammaz	laiþōmaz	laiþammaz
Inst.	laiþinē	laiþōnē	laiþinē	laiþammiz	laiþōmiz	laiþammiz

Find a form

Descendants

*laiþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- *laidum (Vulgar Latin)
*laiþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- lēth, leith (Old Dutch)
  - lêet, leit (Middle Dutch)
    - leed (Dutch)
*laiþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- lāþ (Old English)
  - lath, loth, lothe (Middle English)
    - lathe, laith (Scots)
*laiþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- lāþ (Old English)
  - lath, loth, lothe (Middle English)
    - loath (English)
      - lothe, loith (Scots)
*laiþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- lēth (Old Frisian)
  - läid (Saterland Frisian)
  - leed (West Frisian)
*laiþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- leid (Old High German)
  - leit (Middle High German)
    - leid (German)
    - leed (Silesian)
*laiþ (Proto-West Germanic)
- lēth (Old Saxon)
  - lêt, leit (Middle Low German)
    - ? (Low German)
      - ? (Westphalian)
leiðr (Old Norse)
- lieð (Elfdalian)
- leiður (Faroese)
- laidar (Gutnish)
- leiður (Icelandic)
- leid, led (Norwegian)
- leðer (Scanian)
leiðr (Old Norse)
- lēth (Old Danish)
  - led (Danish)
leiðr (Old Norse)
- lēþer (Old Swedish)
  - led (Swedish)

Explore/search these descendants

View on Wiktionary